高等法院採信妨害性自主案件測謊結果及其影響因素之研究

A Research on the High Court Adopting the Polygraph Results and their Influential Factors for Offenses against Sexual Autonomy

邱宏光(Chiu Hung Kwang)

指導教授 ： 許春金

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2015年)

摘要

測謊發展迄今已有一世紀，世界各國運用作為案件調查工具行之有年，近數十年來更有日益增加趨勢，許多先進國家重要政府機構並做為人員選用與安全查核之重要工具。
長期以來各界對測謊之正當性存在不同見解，尤其對證據能力、證明力爭論已久，亦有認為測謊有剝奪或侵犯受測人緘默權之疑慮，然測謊須事先獲得受測人同意，並親簽同意書後才能進行，測試時並須受測人全程配合作業，並無運用外力強迫或控制受測人思想自由與意志能力，足證測謊並未侵犯人權或緘默權，得發揮科學鑑判功能。
近年來因社會環境、道德觀念的改變，國內妨害性自主犯罪時有發生，為瞭解目前台灣高等法院審判妨害性自主案件時，採信測謊結果之現況，本研究利用司法院網站法學資料檢索系統，查詢全國「高等法院裁判書」，以「測謊」及「妨害性自主」等為查詢關鍵字，從2012—2014年全國高等法院審理之妨害性自主案件，對於其中曾經委託實施測謊之案件共253件，分析研究法院採信測謊結果與否的案件數量、相對比例，以受測人性別、身分、鑑測機關、測謊結果、證據能力、證明力等為自變項，統計分析不同自變項對於法官審判結果之相關與影響程度。
研究發現，第一，妨害性自主案件之受測人，以男性、被告為主；多數案件係由刑事局、調查局等兩單位執行測謊鑑定，且絕大多數案件之測謊鑑定結果為「說謊」，實務上88.1％的法院判決認為，測謊結果具有可作為法律證據資料的證據能力，71.1％法院判決認為，測謊結果之證明力可作為心證參考依據；第二，測謊結果被鑑定是「說謊」者、被認為「有證據能力」的、被採信「有證明力」的案件，被判「有罪」的機率，明顯高於測謊結果是「誠實」的、是「沒有證據能力」、或「沒有證明力」的案件；第三，分析預測當「被告」接受測謊，測謊結果為「說謊」，且法官認為測謊結果「有證明力」時，其被判決為「有罪」的機率顯著較高。
本論文除對法院採信測謊結果及影響因子進行分析解釋，期能作為測謊研究之參考外，並提出我國應朝向：制定明確測謊法令、建立全國一致儀測品管機制、成立我國測謊協會、選優培訓年輕測謊人員、不斷精進測謊人員訓練、開拓測謊鑑測管道等建議，共同努力，俾有助於我國測謊作業長遠發展，發揮測謊科學鑑定功能。

關鍵字

證據能力 ； 妨害性自主 ； 測謊 ； 證明力

並列摘要

It is a century so far since polygraph started. As countries around the world use it as investigation tools for years, in the past dozens of years it has become an increasing trend. Many advanced countries’ government agencies choose it as an important tool for personnel selection and safety check.
For a long time, different views have been raised on the validity of polygraph. In particular, it has long been debated on its admissibility of evidence and probative value. Some are also concerned about the tested person’s right of silence may be denied or violated. However, polygraph must obtain the prior consent of the examinee and the signature of his or hers. Polygraph has to be carried out with the cooperation of the examinee. And no outside factor should be applied to fore or control the freedom of thought or will of the tested. Therefore, it is clear that polygraph could have the function of scientific identification without violating human rights or the right of silence.
In recent years, due to changes in the social environment and moral values, offenses against sexual autonomy sometimes happen. In order to evaluate the application of polygraph in the trial of these offenses in the high court, the study searches the internet with keywords of “polygraph,” “decisions by the high court“, and “offenses against sexual autonomy” from the retrieving system of Judicial Yuan of Republic of China from the year of 2012 to 2014. With regards to the total 253 cases with commissioned polygraph tests, the study analyzes variables such as the number of cases in which the court adopted polygraph results and its proportion as well as sexuality and social status of the examinee, polygraph agencies, polygraph results, admissibility of evidence, and probative value of evidence etc. to see the relevance and impact of variables on the verdict of judges.
The evidence-based study finds that: First, most of the examinees of polygraph were male defendants. Most of the polygraph tests were conducted by the Investigation Bureau and the Police Criminal Investigation Bureau, and polygraph showed that most of the examinees lied. In practice, the high court considered 88.1％ of polygraph results to have evidentiary effect, and 71.1％ of polygraph results could be a relevant evidence for trial. Second, if the polygraph result is “tell a lie” and deemed as having evidentiary effect and probative value of evidence, the chances to bring in a verdict of “guilty” are higher than when polygraph results showed “honest” and deemed as no evidentiary effect or no probative value of evidence. Third, analysis predicts that when the defendant takes a polygraph exam, the results show as lying and the judge considers the polygraph results as having the probative value of evidence, it is more likely to bring in a verdict of “guilty”.
The evidence-based study finds that: First, most of the examinees of polygraph were male defendants. Most of the polygraph tests were conducted by the Investigation Bureau and the Police Criminal Investigation Bureau, and polygraph showed that most of the examinees lied. In practice, the high court considered 88.1％ of polygraph results to have evidentiary effect, and 71.1％ of polygraph results could be a relevant evidence for trial. Second, if the polygraph result is “tell a lie” and deemed as having evidentiary effect and probative value of evidence, the chances to bring in a verdict of “guilty” are higher than when polygraph results showed “honest” and deemed as no evidentiary effect or no probative value of evidence. Third, analysis predicts that when the defendant takes a polygraph exam, the results show as lying and the judge considers the polygraph results as having the probative value of evidence, it is more likely to bring in a verdict of “guilty”.
This study analyzes the court’s adoption of polygraph results and influencing factors, with the hope that it could be used as referent polygraph research. Apart from that, And put forward that Taiwan should go as follows: pass clear polygraph-related laws, establish a national quality control mechanism for polygraph, set up a national polygraph association, select and train young polygraphists, continue to improve their skills, and explore new channels as suggested. Such concerted efforts may benefit the long-term development of polygraph so as to meet its forensic purpose.

並列關鍵字

admissibility of evidence ； Offenses Against Sexual Autonomy ； polygraph ； probative value of evidence

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