- 學位論文
臺灣傳統廟宇香爐之研究—以清及日治時代台中、彰化地區為例
The Study on the Incense Burners of Traditional Temples in Taiwan－Taichung and Changhua Areas during the Ching Dynasty and the Japanese Colonial Period
摘要
舉香祭拜是台灣人宗教信仰的特色之一，人們透過香與神祇傳達心中的意念，而香爐則扮演了信眾與神明間溝通的橋樑，當人們將線香插入爐中，便代表著神明接受了世人的祈禱；在傳統習俗間香爐更代表著「子嗣延綿」、「香火不斷」的觀念，表示「有後代」、「多子多孫」之意，象徵家族香火的延續物。香爐，顧名思義是一種焚香的器具，它的用途，主要是用以盛裝「香灰」器具；因有香的發明，才有香爐的出現。香爐的歷史悠久，古人對於焚香爐具的重視，是以達到「取暖」、「淨身」、「淨化空氣」為目的。佛教東傳後，香爐隨之進入佛教的殿堂；在道教齋醮法壇的祭祀活動中，香爐亦是必不可少的信物。而香爐、花瓶、燭台三種供具亦是供桌上常設的器物，有「三具足」之稱，一齊供奉於神祇前；故，香爐在祭祀中扮演極為重要的角色。 本研究擬採用田野調查的方式，以大台中及彰化地區廟宇，清領時期至日本統治台灣之間所製之祭祀用香爐為對象；逐一拍照、記錄，透過資料蒐集與分析將香爐彙整，並參考相關的書籍及文獻，藉由圖像分析法，以圖像了解其中的意像，從中分析其時代特徵、材質、樣貌、雕刻、紋飾等，來探討香爐之發展歷程、形制及文化藝術內涵。 本論文共六章，除第一章緒論、第六章結論外，第二章探討香爐的歷史起源及其發展，包括香爐的類別與用途，香爐的材質以及形狀，並闡述香爐在廟宇中的民俗定義及地位。第三章擬從台灣民間宗教流傳慨況談起，並針對香爐器形、香爐紋飾來探究台灣香爐的概況及其功能與意義。第四章探討台中、彰化地區的人文信仰背景，及台中、彰化地區清領至日治時期之廟宇香爐的形制及特徵，從香爐的外觀造型、雕刻技法、紋飾意涵、銘文等逐一考察與探究，並闡明每個時期香爐的演變，及其風格表徵。第五章擇選數間古蹟廟宇為例，探討香爐在廟宇中的使用概況與分部位置。第六章為本論文之結論。
並列摘要
Worshiping with the incenses is one of the features in the Taiwanese religion. People use the incenses to communicate with the gods for desires in mind ; however the incenses burners played the faithful bridge among the gods.When people insert the incenses into the burners, it means the gods accepted the words of prayers. In the traditional customs, an incense burner represents the "incense constant", it’s symbolic of the "generation after generation" and "heirs for many generations" concepts about a family. A major function of the incense burner is a utensil for collecting incense ash. Incense burner’s appearance is due to the invention of incense. Incense burners have a long history, the ancients regard the incense burners as important utensils, owing to as they would "warm","Clean the body","Clean the air". In Buddhism, the incense burners are look like treasures. In the worship activities in Taoism, the incense burners are important of the offerings. Additionally, incense burners, vases and candle holders usually place on the shrine tables, and name for "Third of offerings".Consequently, incense burner plays a significant role in the religion’s rituals. This study uses a field investigation to collect the incense burners of traditional temples between Taichung and Changhua in the 19th、20th Century, as well as to take photographs, recording, reference with related books and literature. It is by image analysis, to understand its meaning, analyze the characteristics of the times, materials, appearance, sculpture, decoration and so on and to explore the incense burners of the development process, shape and arts of Taiwanese cultures. These chapters, in addition to the first chapter, are at conclusion of the sixth chapter and the second chapter discusses the historical origins of incense burner and its development. Including the types, materials, shapes and functions, finally, it described in the definition and status of folk. The third chapter is to analyze the origin of Taiwanese religion, and then to explore the incense burner’s decorations, functions and significances, in order to understand the overview of Taiwanese incense burner. Chapter IV analyzes the religions and cultures background in Taichung and Changhua area , and to explore the characteristics of the temples’ incense burners, during the Ching Dynasty occupied Taiwan and the Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan. It is to investigate including the carving techniques, decoration meaning of each investigation and inscriptions, etc., and illustrates the evolution of incense burners in each period, and the style of representation. Chapter V is by choosing a number of historic temples as examples to explore the use of incense burner’s situation and location in the temple. Chapter VI the conclusion of this thesis.