供應鏈之不確定性、彈性與管理績效關係之研究

A research into the relationships between supply chain uncertainty, flexibility, and management performance

林一南(Yi-Nan Lin)

國立虎尾科技大學/管理學院/工業工程與管理研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

在全球化競爭環境下，顧客需求的多變、產品生命週期的縮短以及資訊科技快速的發展，使得台灣過去產業所具備的優勢，例如：品質、交期、彈性與成本，已經逐漸面臨巨大之挑戰。如今的企業面對的是複雜多變的總體環境，要取得競爭優勢，企業必須能夠快速回應環境的變動與不確定性因素。彈性乃是指能夠迅速而且有效的反應環境不確定變化之能力，進而提供客製化之顧客需求。

供應鏈管理(supply chain management)包含供應商、企業內部營運、零售商和最終消費者，其中涵蓋了物流、資訊流及資金流等，比原來的單一企業或製造系統之管理更為複雜而且難以控制。彈性則是企業競爭優勢的重要基礎，亦是生產績效重要的衡量指標，更是衡量供應鏈績效的一個重要構面。

本研究以製造業為對象，利用AMOS與複迴歸分析來進行實證研究，研究結果發現如下：
1.不確定性因素與供應鏈彈性有顯著，但不為正相關：當產業環境所面臨之不確定性愈高，則需加強供應鏈彈性之能力，才能夠迅速反應市場的變動，已經成為決策者的重要策略之一。
2.供應鏈彈性與供應鏈績效有顯著正相關：整體而言，企業若加強供應鏈彈性的確是，有助於提升供應鏈績效的表現。
3.不確定性因素對供應鏈績效之關係：需求不確定性愈高，意指市場變動及訂單變動的幅度愈大，將使得成本、存貨與利潤波動的幅度愈大。

並列摘要

Under the circumstance of globalization, variety of customer’s demand, shortened product life cycle and rapid development of information technology, companies in Taiwan now are facing the situation of losing advantages gradually, such as quality, delivery, flexibility and cost. At this moment, those companies have to face the varied and complicated environment. For regaining the advantages, industries have to response rapidly to uncertain elements from the changing environment. Flexibility is the capability to response to these uncertain factors from environment, and further to meet the demands of customization.

The organization of a supply chain includes: suppliers, manufacturing units, retailers and consumers. The management of the supply chain should take into account material flow, information flow and financial flow. It appears more difficult to manage than regular individual company or a single system of production. Flexibility is a foundation of a manufacturing system and is also a vital advantage for a company. More than that, it is also a very effective weapon to improve performance for a supply chain.

This study is focused on the manufacturing industry in Taiwan. The statistics approach, AMOS, is used as the empirical research tool in this research. The results are as followings:
1.The uncertain elements and supply chain flexibility are significant but not positive correlation. It shows that the more uncertain elements are encountered, the more flexibility of supply chain is needed. According to this, it can conclude that flexibility is the ability to quick response to the rapid changes from environment and is becoming one of the best strategies for supply chain management.

2.There is a positive correlation between supply chain flexibility and supply chain performance. Generally speaking, it will improve the performance of supply chain if company can increase flexibility of the supply chain.

3.The relation between uncertain elements and performance of supply chain: The higher uncertainty of demand, meaning the more rapid changes of market and orders might lead to higher variation of cost, inventory and profit.

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