預拌混凝土生產與拌合車派遣整合模式之研究

Integrated Models for Ready Mixed Concrete Production and Truck Dispatching

賴威伸(Wei-shen Lai)

指導教授 ： 顏上堯

國立中央大學/工學院/土木工程學系/博士(2007年)

摘要

預拌混凝土是建築與公共工程之主要建材，但因為產業成本結構、作業特性等因素，其利潤並不豐厚；且因過去都市開發及各項建設的強烈需求，曾吸引大量廠商投入此項產業，在需求減緩退場不易的情形下，造成激烈的競爭和產業營運的困難。在這樣的環境之下，只有管理具有效率的業者才能生存。近年來，預拌混凝土的生產已經趨向更電腦化與自動化，但是在臺灣，生產排程和拌合車的派遣仍然是由具有經驗的調度人員以人工手動的方式來進行。如何有效率的進行生產和更具效益的拌合車派遣方式對於預拌混凝土拌合廠和工地的管理者而言，已經成為相當重要的議題。
在本文中，作者構建了二個整合預拌混凝土生產排程和拌合車派遣的模式。針對預拌混凝土廠的作業排程，在路線、相關成本、運送時間等給定條件下，利用數學規劃與時空網路技巧構建成本最小化之數學模式，並在相關限制下，進行作業排程之整合性規劃。此模式定式為含額外限制式之混整數規劃網路流動問題，其特性為NP-hard。為了解決實務上的問題，作者發展了啟發式解法並配合數學規劃軟體CPLEX來求解問題。為評估數學模式和求解方法的實用績效，作者使用一臺灣拌合廠的實際營運資料來進行測試，測試結果顯示本論文所構建的模式和發展的求解方法可提供為營運者之實務營運的決策工具。

關鍵字

預拌混凝土 ； 排程 ； 時空網路 ； 含額外限制式網路流動問題 ； 工作延時 ； 拌合車

並列摘要

Ready mixed concrete (RMC) is the primary material required for the construction of buildings and other public infrastructure projects. The RMC industry is growing because of heavy urban development and a subsequent increase in demand for construction projects. This has caused a significant increase in the competitiveness of the market which has also caused the difficulty of operating a RMC business to increase dramatically. Under such conditions, only efficiently managed carriers can continue to operate. In recent years, RMC production has become more automated, but in Taiwan production scheduling and truck dispatching is still handled manually by experienced staff. Effective production scheduling and efficient truck dispatching are significant issues for a carrier’s RMC plant and construction site management.
In this dissertation two integrated models, a basic model and an extension model with overtime considerations, that combine RMC production scheduling and truck dispatching into the same framework are developed. These two models are formulated as mixed integer network flow problems with side constraints, which are characterized as NP-hard. To solve realistic problems, a solution method is developed, which incorporates a mathematical programming solver CPLEX. To evaluate the models and the solution method, numerical tests utilizing real operating data from an RMC firm in Taiwan are conducted. The test results show that the models and the solution algorithm would be useful for actual operations.

並列關鍵字

Scheduling ； Time space network ； Network flow problem with side constraints ； Overtime ； RMC truck ； Ready mixed concrete

參考文獻

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