摘 要 兩岸自1987年我國解嚴及開放國人赴陸探親兩大政策影響下,雙方逐步恢復交流與接觸,但接踵而來的卻是嚴重的跨境犯罪問題。影響兩岸社會安定,迫使雙方必須進行刑事司法互助,合作共同打擊犯罪。 傳統刑事司法互助為國家與國家間的「國際刑事司法互助」,另有因分裂中的國家、殖民地回歸及邦聯制國家等情形所衍生的「區際刑事司法互助」等兩種類型。兩岸政府為因應開放後跨境犯罪日益猖獗情形,分別於1990年及2009年簽署「金門協議」及「兩岸司法互助協議」,但因侷限於政治、主權等因素,迄今對於雙方間的刑事司法互助並無明確的名稱、定位及確立相關互助原則。 兩岸間因同文、同種且語言相通,又因歷史上的包袱及政治上的敵對,致使不法分子利用跨境犯罪的分工性,以規避兩岸治安單位查緝,為社會治安所帶來的影響不容小覷。因此,本文回顧兩岸日趨嚴重的跨境犯罪現象,並針對我國與大陸間刑事司法互助議題與因應策略進行探討。 關鍵詞:跨境犯罪、國際刑事司法互助、區際刑事司法互助、金門協議、兩岸司法互助協議
Abstract Since 1987, both sides of martial law and the opening of mainland Chinese to visit relatives under the influence of two policies, the two sides gradually restore communication and contact, but what follows is a serious cross-border crime. Affect social stability on both sides, forcing the two sides must be mutual legal assistance and cooperation in combating crime. Traditional mutual legal assistance for the country and between countries' international mutual legal assistance ", and another due to splitting of the country, colony reunification and national confederation derived from situations such as" inter-regional mutual legal assistance "in two types. After the opening of the two governments in response to the increasingly rampant cross-border crime cases, respectively, in 1990 and in 2009 signed the "Kinmen Agreement" and "cross-strait mutual legal assistance agreement", but confined to politics, sovereignty and other factors, so far between the two sides of the criminal justice mutual no explicit name, location and established principles underlying mutual. Between the two sides due to the same culture, the same kind and the same language, because of the burden of history and political hostility, resulting in cross-border crime criminals use the division of labor, so as to avoid the investigation of cross-strait security units, as the impact of social security can not be small spy. Therefore, the paper reviews the two sides increasingly serious phenomenon of cross-border crime, and for the mainland China and mutual assistance between the criminal justice issues and coping strategies were discussed. Keywords: cross-border crime, international criminal justice assistance, regional criminal justice assistance, Kinmen agreement, the two sides mutual legal assistance agreement