高齡薪傳者對客家文化傳承之研究 - 代間學習的觀點

莊喻婷(Yu-Ting Chuang)

指導教授 ： 陳毓璟

國立中正大學/教育學院/成人及繼續教育系高齡者教育研究所/碩士(2014年)

摘要

本研究主要從代間學習的觀點來探討，高齡薪傳者在代間傳承時的歷程。包括下述四項研究目的：
一、瞭解高齡薪傳者於客家文化傳承之動機。
二、瞭解高齡薪傳者代間傳承內涵與方式。
三、瞭解高齡薪傳者於傳承中代間之互動情形。
四、瞭解高齡薪傳者於代間傳承過程中的困難與挑戰。
研究方法採用質性研究設計，以半結構式的深度訪談法訪問8位客家文化薪傳者，從代間學習的角度探究高齡薪傳者對客家文化傳承之歷程，包括客家文化傳承之動機、如何將客家文化之精神傳承於下一代、傳承中之代間關係以及代間傳承過程中的困難與挑戰。根據研究發現，所獲致之研究結論如下：
一、高齡薪傳者於客家文化傳承之動機主要為「家族的傳襲」、「外在環境之影響」、「文化的吸引力」、「自主學習過程中受肯定的經驗」。
二、高齡薪傳者代間傳承之內涵，傳承的地區以桃園縣為最多，傳承的內容以客家歌謠為主，教學對象則是從幼稚園到高齡九十歲的學員。
三、高齡薪傳者之代間傳承方式與教學原則，包括「師徒制」、「團隊組織」、「協力合作」三種方式；重要教學員則包括「以謙虛的態度引導學員」、「給予精神的支持與實質的獎勵」、「符合年輕世代的多元教法」。
四、高齡薪傳者傳承中之代間互動與文化的認同，包括「制式化師生互動關係」與「現代化亦師亦友互動關係」；學員對文化認同的態度為，高齡世代皆能認同客家的文化，年輕世代多半存於認同和認同疑惑之間。
五、高齡薪傳者於傳承中代間之溝通時機，分為「教學前的瞭解」、「教學中的指導」以及「教學後學員的成果發展」三個階段。
六、高齡薪傳者於代間傳承中的困難，包括(一)教學者本身的能力、(二)學員關係人的連結、(三)不同世代之間的距離；代間傳承中的挑戰為，如何突破傳統的型態，以活潑的方式進行教導。
最後根據研究結論，研究者對政府機關、高齡薪傳者、後續研究者提出建議。

關鍵字

文化代間傳承歷程 ； 客家文化 ； 高齡薪傳

並列摘要

The study aims to explore the process of intergenerational inheritance from elders as heritage transmitters, in terms of the perspectives of intergenerational learning. The study has the following four purposes:
1.To learn the motives of elders as heritage transmitters for passing down Hakka culture and heritage.
2.To learn the implications and methods of intergenerational inheritance from elders as heritage transmitters.
3.To learn the intergenerational interactions between elders as heritage transmitters and the learners of the cultural inheritance.
4.To learn the difficulties and challenges elders, as heritage transmitters, encounter in the process of intergenerational inheritance.

Using the qualitative research design, the study interviewed eight Hakka culture transmitters with semi-structured in-depth interviews. From the perspective of intergenerational learning, the study explores the process of Hakka culture inheritance from elders as heritage transmitters, including the motives for the inheritance of Hakka culture, the method of passing down the spirit of Hakka culture to the next generation, the intergenerational relationship during the inheritance, and the difficulties and challenges in the process of intergenerational inheritance. Based on the findings, the conclusions of the study are as follows.
1.The major motives for elders, as heritage transmitters, to pass down the Hakka culture heritage include “family inheritance”, “external influence”, “cultural attraction”, and “positive experience in the process of autonomous learning”.
2.The implications of intergenerational inheritance from elders as heritage transmitters show that Taoyuan County is the most active area for inheritance, Hakka folk songs are the major contents of inheritance, and the learners involve kindergarteners to 90 year-old elders.
3.The methods of intergenerational inheritance of elders as heritage transmitters include “apprenticeship”, “team-based organization” and “teamwork”, and the teaching principles include “guiding learners with a humble attitude”, “giving spiritual support and tangible rewards”, and “diverse teaching for the younger generation”.
4.The intergenerational interactions, between elders as heritage transmitters and the learners of the inheritance include “standard interaction between teachers and students” and “modern interaction (friend-like teacher) between teachers and students”; the learners’ attitude to the cultural identity shows that elders have stronger Hakka cultural identity, but the younger generation has weaker Hakka cultural identity.
5.The timing for intergenerational communication includes “understanding before teaching”, “guidance during teaching”, and “achievement after teaching”.
6.The difficulties of intergenerational inheritance that the elders encounter involve: 1) the capability of the teacher; 2) the connection between learners and related person; 3) the distance between different generations. The challenge of intergenerational inheritance is to break through tradition and teach in a lively way.

Finally, according to the research findings, this paper proposes suggestions government authorities, elders as heritage transmitters, and future studies.

並列關鍵字

Intercultural journey to generation ； Hakka culture ； Elderly Heritage

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