我國地區災害防救專責機構之探討-以嘉義縣及雲林縣政府災害防救辦公室為例

台灣地理環境特殊，位處環太平洋地震帶上及西太平洋颱風區域，地震頻繁發生、颱風經常侵襲，加上地質條件不佳、坡地面積比率高、降雨集水時間短，在全球氣候變遷的影響下，導致災害性的極端氣候增多、增強，另因經濟成長，空間上的大量開發建設與時間上的相對距離縮短，以致人為災害發生的機率與災情擴大的因子亦明顯增加。台灣的災害防救體制經過多次的變革，於2000年5月「災害防救法」頒行法制化後，現行災害防救體系建置起來，整體防救能力得到一定程度的提升，然而由於災害的大規模化與複合化，現行災害防救體系受到挑戰，而須調整與強化；政府為統合跨部會災害防救業務之規劃、協調與整合及辦理災害防救法所定之災害防救業務，於2010年2月1日成立專責單位之「行政院災害防救辦公室」，就政策推動等面向協調各部會與地方政府間災害防救業務，並擔任中央災害防救會報及中央災害防救委員會之幕僚作業。其後於2010年8月4日修正公布災害防救法，明訂第二及第三層級的直轄市、縣市政府及鄉、鎮、市、區公所亦應設置地區災害防救辦公室，以之專責辦理災害防救業務。而台灣災害防救對於體制面之研究，多為國家整體架構的研析及單一縣市個案的探討，未能就災害防救運作體系相當之縣市加以比較分析，因此不易歸納出地方政府於國家災防政策下，所共同面臨上的問題與盲點，本研究主要以嘉義縣及雲林縣的災防體制加以探討，冀盼在演進中的災防制度，找出地方政府最佳效能的運作模式。

關鍵字

組織變革；災害防救辦公室；災害防救

並列摘要

The geographic features of Taiwan are particular. Taiwan is located at Circum-Pacific seismic zone and West Pacific Ocean area. The earthquakes frequently strike, and typhoons constantly hit also. To make matter worse, Taiwan’s geology isn’t well, slope land area rates high, and time for rainfall catchment is short. Together with the effect of global climate change, conducting disastrous extreme weather becomes even more and stronger than before. Furthermore, owing to economic growth, a large number of developing constructions in space and relative distance getting shorter with time leads to an obvious increase in man-made disasters and disaster expansion. Taiwan’s disaster prevention and protection frame had been reformed many times. Not after May 2000 did the Government put Disaster Prevention and Protection Act on a legal basis, and disaster prevention and protection system of nowadays had been established. Then the whole prevention and protection ability promote to a certain extent. However, due to disasters become more massive and more complex, current prevention and protection system suffered challenge. And need to revise and strengthen. To integrate inter-departmental planning, coordinating, and conforming disaster prevention and protection business which conducted by Disaster Prevention and Protection Act, the Government established a specific responsibility section “Executive Yuan Disaster Prevention and Protection Office” at February 1st 2010. This section is responsible for promulgation of the policy and coordinate disaster prevention and protection business between inter-departmental and local government. Moreover, the section also takes staff work of Central Disaster Prevention and Response Council and Central Disaster Prevention and Response Committee. At August 4th Disaster Prevention and Protection Act been revised and announced, stipulating municipal city, county government, township office, city office, district office in the second and the third level should establish local disaster prevention and protection office, which is responsible for conducting disaster prevention and protection business. Researches about Taiwan’s disaster protection and prevention system focus more on the whole frame of a nation or a single county. It didn’t take two appropriate county or city to compare and analyze, therefore, it’s hard to conclude what the problem and blind spot is when a local government proceed under the national disaster prevention policy. This study mainly discusses the disaster prevention system between Chayi County and Yunlin County. Wish in the progressing disaster prevention system can find the most efficiency operation mode in local government.