美國重返亞洲政策下的雙邊關係:美菲與美越關係之政治經濟分析

Bilateral Relations in US Pivot to Asia Policy: The Political Economy of US-Philippines and US-Vietnam Relations.

黃仁助(JEN-CHU HUANG)

指導教授 ： 李佩珊

國立中正大學/社會科學院/政治學系/碩士(2014年)

摘要

美國自2011年開始，明顯地降低伊拉克和阿富汗的兩地軍事介入行動後，努力地加快「美國重返亞洲政策」，並優先於美國其他的外交事務，美國正在恢復和加強其在亞洲的傳統參與力道。因為美國在全球金融危機影響下失去了成長的步調，而使得國內經濟欲振乏力，而當中國在2010年成為世界第二大經濟體時，增加了華府擔憂中國將無可避免地超越美國，成為世界第一強權國家。
在此時空背景下，歐巴馬決定「重返亞洲政策」並支持區域多邊組織。在經濟和貿易方面，包括亞太區域的主要經濟體，歐巴馬期待看到跨太平洋夥伴關係（TPP）成為高品質的貿易和投資平台。歐巴馬提出重心轉向參與亞洲主要的多邊組織，有利於引導這些區域國家更加親近華府政權，但卻相對地刺痛了北京當局。
中國的崛起已經升高了菲律賓和越南在南海與中國的領土爭端，美國回應其在亞洲的盟友而採取外交和安全方面的行動。華府介入越南及菲律賓與北京的南海主權領土爭端問題，並明確表示不能坐視在該地區航行自由受到威脅。在這個紛擾的地區，沒有一個國家希望在充滿張力的美中關係間有選邊站的壓力，他們寧願保持著與中國和美國之間的等邊關係以及雙方的合作，然後在該地區兩大強權競爭夾縫中獲取國家最大利益。本文研究重心為美國重返亞洲政策下的雙邊關係：美菲與美越關係之政治經濟分析，探討美國如何與越南和菲律賓合作對抗中國威脅?以及美國是高調地重返亞洲?還是美國勢力從未離開亞洲呢?

關鍵字

美國重返亞洲政策 ； 雙邊關係

並列摘要

Efforts accelerated as 「the American pivot to Asia policy」 became more prior to the other US foreign affairs after the military involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan significantly declined in 2011. The United States is trying to restore and then enhance its traditional level of engagement to Asian regional issues, due to the United States lost its stride in the global financial crisis and the weak recovery since then while China in 2010 became the world's second-largest economy has only increased concerns to Beijing when China inevitably surpasses the United States to become the world's most powerful country.
Against this background, the president Obama brought t his decisions to support 　the regional multilateral organizations. On the economic and trade side, Obama hopes to see the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) become a high-quality trade and investment platform that will include the major economies of the Asia-Pacific. Obama moved to shift the center of gravity among the key multilateral organizations in Asia, favoring those regional countries that include the United States itself and leading them to take approaches favored by Washington but are neuralgic for Beijing.
The rise of China has raised the territorial disputes with Philippines and Vietnam in South China sea, the United States had been responding to its friends allies in Asia by taking actions primarily on the diplomatic and security and Washington was inserting itself with Philippines and Vietnam into these territorial issues and made clear that no threat had arisen to freedom of navigation in the region, no country wants to see a tension-filled US-China relationship that creates pressure for everyone else to choose sides. They rather want to be able to maintain equally effective relations with China and the United States and to derive benefit from both the cooperation and the competition between the two giants in the region. This study will focus on the bilateral relations in the American pivot to Asia policy: the political economy of US-Philippines and US-Vietnam relations to see how can US work the close cooperation with Phillipines and Vietnam to overcome the China threat, as well as to clarify what’s the point of the American avowedly pivot to Asia or the American's power has not been departing from Asia?

並列關鍵字

US pivot to Asia policy ； Bilateral relation

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