- 學位論文
香蕉細條病生物學之研究
Biological study of Acrodontium simplex Causing Leaf Speckle Disease of Banana
摘要
香蕉產業對許多開發國家及島國之經濟發展占舉足輕重之地位，然而病蟲害常為其發展之限制因素。由Acrodontium simplex所引起的葉部細條病首次於1981年記載於台灣，在東南亞，此葉部病害被界定為次要病害，但對台灣主要經濟栽培品種「北蕉」而言，該病害影響程度則被視為有待深入探討之子題。本研究之主要目的在於了解A. simplex感染香蕉之部位及侵入方式，適合該菌生長之培養基以及環境條件，並評估不同殺菌劑對該菌之防治成效。研究發現，利用108 胞子/毫升濃度之分生胞子懸浮液接種「北蕉」葉片37-54天後，葉片會出現典型細條病病徵，但對蕉果並不會造成感染。由電顯顯示胞子可在24小時內發芽，蕉葉接種3天後，可觀察到病原菌由葉背之氣孔侵入。25℃下，含蕉葉汁液之培養基最適合菌絲之生長，而PDA培養基最適合胞子之發芽。20℃下，本菌培養在馬鈴薯蔗糖洋菜培養基(PSA)及馬鈴薯葡萄糖洋菜培養基(PDA)中之產胞情形良好。A. simplex之藥劑試驗顯示，蕉園葉部保護常用之三種藥劑配方包括80﹪鋅錳乃浦可濕性粉劑10,000 ppm，2.8﹪普克利乳劑1,000 ppm和18.85﹪凡殺護矽得乳劑1,000 ppm等，皆可完全抑制A. simplex胞子發芽及菌絲生長。與未施藥對照處理比較，A. simplex經70﹪甲基多保淨可濕性粉劑10,000 ppm處理後，其胞子發芽及菌絲生長率僅達23﹪及10㎜，顯示70﹪甲基多保淨可濕性粉劑對該病原菌生長亦有相當良好之抑制效用。
並列摘要
Commercial banana production is vitally important to many developing countries and small islands in the tropics. However, the development of the banana industry worldwide is affected by a wide range of diseases and pests. One of them is the leaf speckle disease of banana caused by Acrodontium simplex which was first reported in Taiwan in 1981. Leaf speckle disease is considered to be of minor importance in South-East Asia, but has been described as a problem on commercially grown Cavendish type cultivars such as Pei-Chiao in Taiwan. The objectives of this research are focused on (1) investigating the infection sites and mode of penetration of A. simplex into the banana plant, (2) selecting of the best nutrient medium and environmental conditions for the optimal growth of A. simplex in vitro, and (3) selecting fungicides that can effectively suppress the growth of A. simplex in vitro. When leaves of Pei-Chiao plants were inoculated with 108 ml spore suspension, typical leaf speckle symptoms appeared 37 to 54 days after inoculation; however, no symptoms of disease were seen on the inoculated banana peel. Scanning electron microscope images showed that spore germinated on leaf within 24 hours, usually by the extrusion of a single long germ tube emerging from the spore. Penetration of banana leaf was observed through the stomata on the lower leaf surface three days after inoculation. The optimum mycelial growth was obtained at 25°C on banana leaf agar. The optimal sporulation was obtained on Potato Sucrose Agar (PSA) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) at 20°C. Spore germination is best on PDA at 25°C. Studies on comparing the efficacy of 4 kinds of fungicides commonly used in banana orchard in Taiwan showed that at their recommended rate, Zinc Mancozeb 80% W.P 10,000 ppm, Propiconazole 25% E.C 1,000 ppm, Famoxadone + Flusilazole 18.85% E.C 1,000 ppm, these three fungicides can completely inhibit spore germination and mycelial growth of A. simplex. From the observation that there was only 23% spore germination and 10mm mycelium growth of A. simplex on PDA media treated by Thiophanate-methyl 70% W.P 10,000 ppm, when compared to those of the untreated check, the result shows that Thiophanate-methyl 70% W.P 10,000 ppm can also effectively inhibit the infection efficiency of A. simplex.
參考文獻
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