- 學位論文
探討飼料中添加富含花生四烯酸之高山被孢黴真菌粉對點帶石斑魚稚魚成長、免疫反應及脂肪酸組成之影響
Studies on the effects of dietary arachidonic acid-rich fungi meal on growth performance, immune responses and tissue fatty acid composition of juvenile grouper, Epinephelus coioides
摘要
本論文分別探討石斑魚稚魚(Epinephelus coioides)對富含花生四烯酸(ARA)之高山被孢黴(Mortierella alpina)真菌粉之利用性及其對成長、免疫及脂肪酸組成之影響。實驗一，基礎飼料以不添加真菌粉之全魚粉飼料組(F)及豆粉取代魚粉20%蛋白質組(FS)為控制組，並以FS組飼料作為基礎飼料分別添加1%和5%真菌粉(FS + 1% D和FS + 5% D)。以循環水系統進行餵食實驗，每缸放養12尾魚(平均體重為11.56 ± 0.22 g)，每組三重覆，各組別以人工投餵方式，直至魚隻接近飽食，實驗進行8週。各飼料組之魚體增重率與存活率均無顯著差異(P>0.05)。F組之飼料效率(FE)顯著高於(P<0.05) FS + 5% D組。FS及FS + 1% D兩組之ARA蓄積率顯著高於(P<0.05)添加FS + 5% D組。全魚體ARA濃度隨飼料中ARA濃度增加而上升。實驗一結果證明點帶石斑魚稚魚可吸收利用飼料中高山被孢黴真菌粉之ARA並儲存於體內，且不影響其成長表現，顯示富含ARA之高山被孢黴真菌粉，可作為點帶石斑魚稚魚飼料中ARA的來源。實驗二，同樣以不添加真菌粉之全魚粉飼料組(F)及豆粉取代飼料蛋白質20%組(FS)作為控制組，並以FS組飼料作為基礎飼料分別添加1、2、5和10%真菌粉(FS + 1% D、FS + 2% D、FS + 5% D和FS + 10% D)、1%脫脂真菌粉(FS + defatted D)及真菌油(FS + oil from D)等共八組。以循環水系統進行餵食實驗，每缸放養12尾魚(平均體重為7.21 ± 0.21 g)，每組三重覆，各組飼料量約投餵魚隻體重2.25%，實驗進行8週。各飼料組之魚體增重率與存活率均無顯著差異(P>0.05)。F、FS + defatted D及FS + oil from D三組之FE顯著高於(P<0.05) FS + 5% D和FS + 10% D兩組。FS + oil from D組之超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)顯著高於(P<0.05) FS組。全魚體ARA濃度反應飼料ARA含量。實驗二結果證明，當豆粉取代飼料20%蛋白質情況下，可於飼料中添加10%富含ARA之高山被孢黴真菌粉，有助於提高石斑魚稚魚之免疫反應。
並列摘要
The study was to investigate dietary arachidonic acid (ARA)-rich fungal meal utilization and their effects on growth, immune responses and fatty acid profile of juvenile grouper, Epinephelus coioides. In Experiment 1, basal diets containing 20% soybean meal were supplemented with 1% and 5% fungal meal (FS + 1% D and FS + 5% D). All fish meal (F) diet and basal diet (FS) without fungal meal was used for comparison. Triplicate groups of 12 fish (initial wt: 11.56 ± 0.22 g) were fed to apparent satiation in a recirculating system for 8 weeks. No significant differences (P>0.05) were found in weight gain and survival among all dietary treatments. Fish fed F diet had higher (P<0.05) feed efficiency (FE) than fish fed the FS + 5% D diet. Fish fed FS and FS + 1% D diets had higher (P<0.05) ARA retention than fish fed the FS + 1% D diet. Whole body ARA concentration increased by increasing dietary ARA concentration. Results indicated that dietary ARA can be absorbed and deposited in grouper without negative effect on growth, suggesting ARA rich fungal meal can be used as a dietary ARA source for the species. In Experiment 2, 8 experimental diets including basal diet supplemented 1% (FS + 1% D), 2% (FS + 2% D), 5% (FS + 5% D), 10% (FS + 10% D) fungal meal, 1% defatted fungal meal (FS + defatted D), fungal oil (FS + oil from D), all fish meal (F) and basal diet without fungal meal (FS), were each fed to triplicate groups of 12 fish (initial wt: 7.21 ± 0.21 g) in a recirculating system for 8 weeks. Weight gain and survival were similar among dietary treatments (P>0.05). Fish fed F, FS + defatted D and FS + oil from D diets had higher (P<0.05) FE than fish fed FS + 5% D and FS + 10% D diets. Fish fed FS + defatted D and FS + oil from D diets had higher (P<0.05) superoxide dismutase activity than fish fed dietary F and FS + 5% D diets. Whole body ARA concentration generally reflected the ARA composition. When 20% fish meal protein replaced by soybean meal, 10% ARA-rich fungal meal supplemented in diet can enhance immune responses of grouper.