泥炭複合材料、活性碳及δ-MnO2改善養殖池水質及池底土壤環境之研究

Study on the Improvement of Water Quality and Sediment Environment of Fish Culture Pond by Fulvic Acid Peat Activated Carbon and δ-MnO2

謝育成(Yu-Cheng Shie)

指導教授 ： 王敏昭

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

本研究探討台灣南部魚蝦養殖池，包括石斑底泥池、白蝦底泥池及烏魚底泥池添加泥炭複合材料萃取物黃酸(Fuleic acid, FA)，對養殖池水質及底泥環境之影響。試驗於實驗室及溫室進行，分別為添加黃酸底泥(5 %, w/w)之處理組以及未添加黃酸之對照組，每個處理及對照均為四重複共24 個底泥樣品。添加黃酸處理組之底泥以及未添加黃酸對照組之底泥，經五次反覆乾溼作用後，處理組及對照組之風乾底泥(500g)裝填於透明之塑膠箱(27.0 x 16.9 x 11.7 cm)然後每個養殖箱添加2000 mL 海水，並以加壓馬達通氣，速率為700-750 mL min-1；設置完成後開始放養蝦苗，以模擬現地之養殖池環境。研究結果指出三種水產養殖池底泥添加黃酸處理後，可使三種底泥池相對應之養殖池水體有較高之可溶性有機碳(dissolved organic carbon, DOC)、巨量元素(Ca、Mg 、K、Na)、微量元素(B、Cu、Mn)以及葉綠素a 含量。再者，模擬養殖池水體逐日之pH、比電導度(specificelectrical conductivity, EC)以及鹽度監測，顯示添加黃酸處理組養殖池水體之EC值，尤其是鹽度，較未添加黃酸對照組者高許多。添加泥炭之試驗添加泥炭處理組較為添加泥炭之對照組有較高濃度之葉綠素a以及總菌落數。添加泥炭之處理組為pH較空白組穩定，EC以及鹽度控制效果皆為黃酸效果較有影響。添加δ-MnO2及活性碳試驗中，活性碳最初吸附效果比δ-MnO2氧化污染物佳，但活性碳表面吸附若達飽和則無法繼續作用，致使水質逐漸惡化，必須更新吸附資材才可繼續作用。δ-MnO2強氧化資材若控制在生物容忍許可範圍內則可持續且有效達到淨化水質之目的。

關鍵字

泥炭 ； 黃酸 ； 可溶性有機碳 ； 二氧化錳 ； 氨氮 ； 活性碳

並列摘要

Maintain a good pond fish culture environment is crucial for growing healthy fish to achieving satisfactory production for improving culture efficiency. It depends on the water quality conditioning and culture environment such as pond sediment properties. In this study sediments were collected from Shih-Ban fish, shrimp and Wu fish culture fishery ponds in southern part of Taiwan to investigate the effect of water quality and sediment environment of fishery ponds by adding fulvic acids (FA) extracted from peat composite material or activated carbon (AC) or δ-MnO2. The experiments were carried out by amendment 5% (w/w) of FA or AC or δ-MnO2 to the sediments and as well as control groups without adding of FA or AC or δ-MnO2. The treated sediments and controls were subjected to repeatedly dried–wetted cycle for four times to simulate the in situ environmental condition. All the experiments were performed in transparent plastic made fisher box (27.0 ×16.9×11.7 cm) containing 2 L of sea water and filled with 500 mg air-dried sediment with and without amendment of FA or AC or δ-MnO2 at four replicates. Each fishery box with the sea water from fishery pond was purged with air in a flow rate of 700 −750 mL min−1 and baby white-shrimps or fish were cultured as like in fishery ponds. The results showed that the amended FA to the sediments increases the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), macro-elements (Ca, Mg, K and Na), micro-elements (B, Cu, and Mn) and chlorophyll A and all of these in simulated fisher ponds were observed much higher concentrations than those of control groups. Also, the daily monitoring aspects pH, specific electrical conductivity (EC), and salinity of the simulated fishery pond water showed that EC and especially salinity of pond water show higher values amended with FA than that corresponding to the control groups. However, the amendment of AC to the sediment, initially it adsorbs pollutants in the simulated fishery ponds and controlled the all water quality parameters and sediment environment. Adsorption of pollutants by the activated carbon reached saturation stage resulting in gradual deterioration water quality and sediment environment. Although, δ-MnO2 was amended to the simulated pond sediment it can strongly oxidized the pollutants and resulting control the all water quality parameters and sediment environment within the limits of biological tolerance for growing healthy fish or shrimp to achieving satisfactory production.

並列關鍵字

Activated carbon ； Peat ； Fish culture pond ； δ-MnO2 ； Fulvic acid ； Sediment

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