生態旅遊理念近年來備受國內學術界和各級政府積極推動,冀望 透過觀光產業帶動地方發展並兼顧自然生態品質的維護。然而,由於 發展與保護兩者的衝突性角色,使得生態旅遊的推展屢受爭議。因此 國際間有都市生態旅遊的提出,期望透過都市旅遊的生態化發展漸進 式的朝向生態旅遊目標邁進。考量都市生態旅遊仍屬於模糊的概念, 本研究透過文獻回顧與質化研究驗證都市生態旅遊的正當性,並以模 糊德爾菲方法進展的模糊數建構法,廣泛收集不同領域專家意見,以 建構都市生態旅遊的指標因子集。進而以陽明山國家公園為例,透過 系統動態學方法建構生態旅遊地與所在都市間的互動關係。結果顯 示,雖然初始階段,生態旅遊地未因為遊客的增加而明顯受創,然而 長久而言,如未建立遊憩載量制度,管控遊客數量,勢將對生態旅遊 地帶來浩劫。而伴隨著生態旅遊的推展,都市旅遊人口亦將顯著上 升,雖可帶動都市產值,卻大幅增加都市二氧化碳排放。惟此部份可 透過都市綠地的增加,予以抑制增加的幅度。總結來說,都市生態旅 遊的推展,可以提供都市旅遊產業的另類選項,在企求都市發展之 餘,如能透過適當的政策調節,亦可兼顧生態都市所致力之方向與目 標。
The concept of ecotourism has been promoted by the public in decades, and it is expected to push local development forward while conserves the ecological resources. However, the practical process is full of confliction and contradiction, and makes the development of ecotourism have its argument. That situation presses the emerging of urban ecotourism. Urban ecotourism has tried to make gradual progress to translate urban tourism into ecological form, and all its sponsors argue the contents of ecotourism can rooted in more people’s mind through this way. Considering the concept of urban ecotourism is still obscure, this study introduces the method of Fuzzy number construction, to construct the index of urban ecotourism. Yangmingshan National Park and Taipei city are applied to exam the relationship between both of them through system dynamic method. The result reveals that the ecotourism destination has not destructed obviously while the tourists have been increasing in the early period. But if the policy of recreation carrying capacity has not been built up, the biodiversity will decay soon while the tourists keep on growing. In addition, the number of urban tourists is also increasing while urban ecotourism has been ripe, and that will result more carbon dioxide emissive while economy vigorous. The ecological green lands could reduce the speed of carbon dioxide emission. All in all, urban ecotourism may provide an alternative choice of urban tourism, and correspond to the direction of ecological city.