門操作所需力量之檢驗與量測機構設計

The force analysis of door operation and the mechanism design of measurement device

藍偉豪(Wei-Hao Lan)

指導教授 ： 吳志富

大同大學/設計學院/工業設計學系所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

由於部分上肢障礙者或高齡者在使用門與門把之力量與動作角度範圍受到限制，所以操作力量亦須有適度之規範。門及門把之操作為日常生活中最常面臨之問題。惟因目前國內並無前項設施之操作性能標準，及精確量測操作力量之檢測方法，所以後續規範無法有效評估。本研究主要目的即為因應前述問題，研究如何精確量測操作所需力量之檢測方法，以作為未來相關單位推動門及門把力量檢測之依據。
　　為更進一步瞭解受測者對門把及門所產生的扭力、推力與拉力，不同力量方式，本研究蒐集相關文獻加以分析，依此設計一套適當的夾具與力量傳遞裝置，建立一套專用量測系統來測量門把與門之扭力與拉力的受力及時間歷程。此系統將由四個部份所組成：（1）門把夾具與門之力量傳遞裝置、（2）力量傳感器（Load Cell）與扭矩感測器（Torque Sensor）及信號放大器、（3）A/D信號擷取卡、（4）筆記型電腦所組成（含訊號輸出記錄軟體與分析軟體）。其過程分為五個部分：（1）對扭力與拉力感測元件，進行校正，獲得校正方程式。（2）架設測量裝置與力量感應元件完成量測系統。（3）實際操作，並將力量感測元件所得之電壓訊號經過信號放大器與A/D信號擷取器，輸出記錄於電腦中。（4）將所得之電壓-時間曲線圖轉換為力量-時間曲線圖。（5）針對不同的物件、任務進行分析。
研究中發現設計架設之量測系統可有效將門與門把之拉力、扭力的施力過程轉換成線形圖完整記錄並可明確判斷操作所需之最大施力值。期望本研究可提供相關單位一有效的檢測方式，也讓設計者在設計上有其依據。本研究也意外發現，一般門之操作力量雖然低於國內外30N的設計規範，但有外力輔助裝置者，極可能超過此標準。因此在外力輔助裝置安裝完成後，可利用此檢測系統調整輔助裝置之設定。

關鍵字

測量機構 ； 門 ； 門把 ； 施力檢驗

並列摘要

As the force and range of the motion angle are limited in the use of the door and door knob for part of the upper limb disadvantaged or elderly persons, so the force of operation must have appropriate norms. Doors and door knob operation is the most common confronted daily life problems. However, due to the lack of operational performance standards and measurement method for the 　 precise measurement of the operation force, the follow-up standards can not be effectively assessed. The purpose of the study is to study on the measurement method for accurately measuring the force required for operation, to provide a basis for related entity unit for promoting the measurement of the force on the door and door knob in the future.
For further understanding the torque, push and pull force, different force characteristics on the door and door knob from the subject, the study collect related literature to analyze, accordingly, designed a set of appropriate grip fixture and force transmission device, and a set of dedicated detection system to measure the stress and duration of the torque and pull strength on the door and door knob. The system is comprised of four parts: (1) grip fixture for door knob and force transmission device for the door, (2) Load Cell, Torque Sensor and signal amplifier, (3) A/D signal fetch card, (4) Notebook PC (including signal output recording software and analysis software. The process is comprised of five parts: (1) Acquiring the calibration formula for calibrating sensor component of torque and pull force. (2) Completing the detection system by installing measurement device and force sensor component. (3) Practically operating, and recording output of voltage signal acquired from force sensor component through signal amplifier and A/D signal fetcher. (4) Transferring voltage – time diagram to force – time diagram. (5) Performing analysis specific to various object and task.
In the study, it was found that the measurement system designed and installed can effectively transfer the process of the pull and torque force on the door and door knob to a linear diagram to completely record and specifically estimate the value of maximum force required for the operation. Expect to provide an effective measurement method to related entity unit through the study, and provide a basis for designer on designing. It is unexpectedly found in the study that the operation force of common door being under international 30N design standards, with external auxiliary force device, exceeding this standard is quite possible. Therefore, after the external auxiliary force device installed, This measurement system can be applied to adjust the settings of this auxiliary device.

並列關鍵字

door ； door knob ； force measurement ； measurement mechanism

參考文獻

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