性別工作平等法之家庭意識：以臺灣已婚女性之勞動參與為例

Family Ideology in the Gender Equality in Employment Act：the Labor Force Participation of Married Women in Taiwan as an Example

周千郁(Chien-Yu Chou)

指導教授 ： 林雅容

亞洲大學/人文社會學院/社會工作學系碩士班/碩士(2009年)

摘要

本研究在了解「性別工作平等法」背後所蘊涵的「家庭意識（family ideology）」及其中之轉折，採用Hartman觀點論述本研究之問題：
一、政策如何定義家庭？
二、政策中「國-家」之間的連結關係？
三、政策對家庭有何重要價值？
四、政策中「家庭整體觀點」與「個人單一觀點」有何不同？
採用歷史資料分析方法，並以社會主義女性主義觀點，透過分析「立法院公報」資料，呈現臺灣已婚女性勞動參與處境，展露性別工作平等法之「家庭意識」。
從臺灣女性勞動參與處境之轉變作為背景，劃分為：1.1971年至1980年代中期：傳統性別分工至性別歧視、2.1980年代中期至1990年代中期：性別歧視至婚育限制、3.1990年代中期至2009年：婚育限制至權益爭取。依據政策內容論述分析：性別歧視與生育照顧、育嬰照顧、育兒配套措施三大議題與女性勞工、企業雇主、國家政策三者不同之交互關係，以及其中所呈現的家庭意識。
研究結果呈現性別工作平等法所蘊藏之家庭意識，以下分為四個層面陳述：
一、 打破傳統家庭之性別分工模式，兩性應共同承擔家庭照顧之職責。
二、 政策提供各項福利措施，「國-家」共同承擔家庭照顧，並減少性別歧視。
三、 消除性別歧視、提供各項福利以及相關配套措施之設置，有助於家庭重要價值之提升。
四、 從過去的個人單一福利轉向至家庭整體福利，至今兩者更是相輔相成、彼此互賴。

關鍵字

性別工作平等法 ； 家庭意識 ； 勞動參與 ； 勞動政策 ； 社會主義女性主義

並列摘要

The research intends to grasp "family ideology" underling "Gender Equality in Employment Act" and transformation through times in terms of Hartman's viewpoint:
1. How does the Gender Equality in Employment Act define family?
2. What and how is the linkage and relation between "State - Family"?
3. What and how does Gender Equality in Employment Act value family?
4. What is the difference between the perspective of "familism" and "individualism"?
The methodology adopts historical data analysis and perspectives of socialist feminism to decipher "Legislative Yuan Gazette" in order to present the situation of labor force participation of Taiwan married women, and to reveal "family ideology" behind the Gender Equality in Employment Act.
The analyzed data is based upon the transformation of labor force participation of Taiwan married women, and the transformation is divided into: 1. period one, from 1971 to mid 1980s— transform from traditional gender-based division of labor towards gender discrimination; 2. period two, from mid 1980s to mid 1990s— transform from period 1 towards constrained rights of marriage and child-raising in labor market; 3. period three, from mid 1990s to 2009— transform from period 2 towards protesting for the right to marriage and child-raising in the labor market. The research analyses correlative interaction between three major areas— gender discrimination, reproductive care, day care, plus child-care, and three major systems— female labor, employers, state policies, and the family ideology inside the interaction.
The results pinpoint the 4 dimensions of family ideology under the Gender Equality in Employment Act, and they are:
1. To break the traditional gender division in family; both males and females shall share the responsibility of being caregivers.
2. The Act provides diverse welfares; "State - Family" collectively share care giving responsibility and reduce gender discrimination.
3. By eliminating the gender discrimination and providing diverse welfare under supplementary measures, the value of family can therefore be enhanced.
4. Through transforming from personal welfares to overall well-being of family, individual and family mutually support and rely on each other.

並列關鍵字

Gender Equality in Employment Act ； family ideology ； the labor force participation ； labor policy ； socialist feminism

參考文獻

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