意義治療法簡介

Introduction to Logotherapy

賴明亮(Ming-Laing Lai)

《安寧療護雜誌》 7卷2期 (2002/05) Pp. 153-164

https://doi.org/10.6537/TJHPC.2002.7(2).6

摘要

意義治療法是奧地利精神科醫師法蘭卡所倡言，是存在心理分析的一個分支。他認為，人類在追求生活目的，彰顯生命意義時遭遇之挫折，是引致精神官能症的主要原因。一個人可以透過下列三種價值得追求，而圓滿其生命意義。其一為創造性價值。如文學作品、藝術品之創作；而個人對工作的方法和態度，如果由單純經濟利益的思考昇華，亦有助於其達到充實生活的目的。其二為經驗性價值，透過對宇宙間真理智慧的追尋，對大自然美的體認，以及彼此之間善及愛的透徹了知及實行，是人類達成生命意義的第二個方式。最後則為態度性價值。由於人具有靈性，具有對周遭事務選擇的自由，以及他對自我、社會、整個人類大我的責任感；使得一個人可以在慘酷如集中營非人生活中，仍然保有對將來的信心，可以由受苦難折磨中體悟出他存在的意義。也在慘絕人寰的監牢中克服自己的冷漠及自私，去關心別人，因而散發出人性的光輝，有許多難友是這樣而仍應存活下來的。本文並就意義治療在安寧療護之運用略加討論。

關鍵字

意義治療 ； 安寧療護 ； 靈性照顧 ； 存在主義

並列摘要

Introduced by Austria psychiatris Victor Frankl, logotherapy is a philosophrical theory stems from existentialism. Psychonurosis is considered as a result from frustration of human existence and can only be eradicated by existential analysis. Being human means being conscious and responsible. A human being, through understanding and fulfilling the creative value, experiential value, and attitudinal value, can overcome such frustration and find the meaning of his own life. The creative value may be appreciated through working, finishing of products of art, music, sculpture, etc. Through enjoying the magnificent scene (beauty) in the world, looking for the truth from knowledge and formatting wisdom, spreading the warmth of sympathy and the light of love to others, one enrich himself with experiential value. Finally, like what Frankl experienced in the concentration camp, there were prisoners, who overcame their apathy and irritability, showing renunciation and self-sacrifice, asking nothing for themselves and offering a kind word here, a last crust of bread there. Those heroic ones, were the beat example of the people who fulfilling the attitudinal value since they stood up with dignity even at the worst environment. The application of logotherapy including paradoxical intention, in the aspect of spiritual care at hospice is also discussed.

並列關鍵字

logotherapy ； hospice ； spiritual care ； existentialism