團體發展歷程分析工具之介紹與應用－以一個團體段落為例

Introduction and Application of Analysis Instruments for Group Development Process: On Example of a Session

曾正奇(Cheng-Chi Tseng) ； 謝秋雯(Chiu-Wen Hsieh) ； 陳信昭(Shin-Jaw Chen)

《中華團體心理治療》 17卷2期 (2011/06) Pp. 9-27

https://doi.org/10.30060/CGP.201106.0002

摘要

本研究針對團體發展歷程分析工具進行介紹，並分析一個為期兩天之人際關係團體段落（約九十分鐘）。研究工具含：敵意／支持量表、體驗量表、組織規範／個人探索量表、語言行為編碼系統等。根據分析結果顯示：（一）成員角色分析：可依Beck定義，辨識出團體中任務型、情緒型、代罪羔羊型及反抗型等四類團體中的成員角色行為，唯出現部份結果與理論行為不吻合的情形；（二）個別系統分析：1.敵意／支持量表－成員以支持性的陳述語居多；2.體驗量表－成員依不同的成員角色、團體階段及個人特質，出現不同程度的體驗層次；3.組織規範／個人探索量表－成員以自我探索為主；4.口語行為編碼系統－成員依不同的成員角色及團體階段，呈現不同的口語行為表現。綜合上述四個研究工具檢視結果，發現本研究選取之段落符合團體階段二轉階段三的特徵。（三）團體主題分析：1.綜合「敵意／支持量表與口語行為編碼系統」，本研究選取之段落中，情緒型與任務型成員確實扮演重要角色，此現象符合團體階段二轉階段三；2.綜合「體驗量表與口語行為編碼系統」，發現情緒型角色不僅能催化其他成員分享，亦能進行自我探索與分享。最後，研究者綜合上述之研究結果，對臨床實務與未來研究提出建議。

關鍵字

組織規範／個人探索量表 ； 團體發展歷程 ； 語言行為編碼系統 ； 敵意／支持量表 ； 體驗量表

並列摘要

This research introduces the instruments of group development process and applies the instruments to analyze a ninety-minute session of the developing process of an interpersonal group which lasted for two days. The research instruments include the Hostility/Support Scale, the Experiencing Scales, the Normative Organizational/ Personal Exploration, and the Scale Speech Behavior Coding System. The analysis results are represented as follows: (A) Analyses on the roles of the group members: According to Beck's definitions, four types of roles could be classified in this group. They are the Task Leader (TL), the Emotional Leader (EL), the Scapegoat Leader (SL), and the Defiant Leader (DL). However, some results were inconsistent with Beck's theory. (B) Analyses on the individual system: In the Hostility/Support Scale, the statements that the members expressed are mostly supportive. In the Experiencing Scales, the members showed different stages of experiences according to the types of Leaders, the stage of group development, and the characteristics of the member. In the Normative Organizational! Personal Exploration, the main expressions of the group members were Personal Explorations. In the Scale Speech Behavior Coding System, the members showed different speech behaviors according to their role types and the stage of the group development. According to these results, we found that the characteristics of the chosen session in this study agree well with those during the transition from phase 2 to phase 3. (C) Analyses on the subjects of the group: (1) Results of the Hostility/Support and the Experiencing Scales show that E.L. and T.L. played significant roles in the chosen session in this study. This phenomenon is consistent with the transition from phase 2 to phase 3. (2) From the Experiencing Scales and the Scale Speech Behavior Coding System, it is found that the EL not only can inspire other members to express themselves but also can explore themselves and share with others. Finally, based on the study results some suggestions are provided to clinical practices and future researches.

並列關鍵字

the Experiencing Scales ； the group development process ； the Hostility/Support Scale ； the Normative Organizational/Personal Exploration ； the Scale Speech Behavior Coding System