乾隆皇帝對藏傳佛教之經營

羅中展(Chung-Chang Lo)

《中華技術學院學報》 36期 (2007/06) Pp. 465-481

https://doi.org/10.7095/JCIT.200706.0465

摘要

清高宗乾隆在位期間事功最多，且其在位期間更為清代最為富庶之時期，而其中宗教力量是否在政策形成之過程中出現影響？何種宗教曾經得到朝廷特別的青睞，就事實所見乾隆皇帝禮遇崇敬章嘉呼圖克圖，更進一步進封其為國師，此乃整個清代唯一僅有的。為何如此禮遇與尊崇章嘉值得深入探討，背後有無特殊原故。
再者，可見藏傳佛教與國朝皇家之間互動之密遠超過前期與之後，乾隆變其父皇雍正之舊居為雍和宮，此一王府為寺院的舉措亦為有清一代僅見。何以是變雍王府為藏傳佛教寺院，而非另建新寺院？其中是宗教原因或另有用意在其中，有必要進行探索。
再者，清一代以前三朝對蒙藏民族事務用力最多，所下功夫最深，而三朝中又以乾隆朝所見成果最為豐碩。蒙藏民族事務中有一大部份都與藏傳佛教脫離不開關係，有鑑於此，乾隆一朝對藏傳佛教的態度與著力具有特別的成員，本文乃舉數事為證進行探討，就乾隆帝對藏傳佛教之管理經營態度進行說明與瞭解。

關鍵字

乾隆皇帝 ； 藏傳佛教 ； 章嘉呼圖克圖 ； 班禪額爾德尼 ； 雍和宮

並列摘要

During the whole Qing dynasty, the most glorious times is at the Qianlong. He took the Manchu empire at age 25 and ruled for sixty years. In his control, China went to a stable and richness society.
Qianlong is known by most of the people as a capable emperor. He conquered Mongolia, Tibet an most of the countries around China. These ethnic groups has there own religion and the emperor show respect to all of them. Those Ethnic group, for basically there are nomadic tribe and the life style is easily changeable than religions were one of the most important thing for there life. The religion can united people and also it can be aggregate between those traps. For the Manchu empire he is a important protector for all religion in the Qing empire. As the most powerful protector he is, so empire Qianlong always clear up he has one confirmed religion; But only few people notice that he has his confirmed religion. There for I'm trying to research on his attitude about one particular religion.
Because of the Mongolian, Tibetan and Manchu people are all believer in Tibetan Buddhism; it is not difficult to think of what was the emperor's believe. We are all wandering whether he will be influenced by his religion when making decision. And how he controls the established religion? How he control the Tibetan Buddhism? when he is a obedience?
My researches are based on the massive data form Qianlong dynasty. I hope I can discover his truly attitude about Tibetan Buddhism and how he ruling the an empire.

並列關鍵字

Qing dynasty ； Tibetan Buddhism ； religion consolidate