犯罪被害恐懼之性別差異－從符號互動理論的觀點來探究

Gender Differences in Fear of Crime: Examining from the Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

謝靜琪(Ching-Chi Hsieh)

《犯罪學期刊》 5期 (2000/06) Pp. 107-178

https://doi.org/10.29607/ZHWHGX.200006.0004

摘要

本研究發現女性在所有類別的犯罪受害恐懼上皆大於男性。值得注意的性別差異有：1. 強暴受害恐懼居女性二十項犯罪受害恐懼中之第三位而居男性之第十三位；2. 騷擾電話嚴重性之知覺居女性二十項犯罪嚴重性之知覺的第四位而居男性的第八位；3. 騷擾電話列為女性受害經驗之第二位而列為男性之第四位；4. 比較強暴受害恐懼之性別差異，70.1%的女性回答「10」，即最高程度的恐懼，而男性強暴受害恐懼為兩極化的分佈（26.2%回答「10」，25.1%回答「1」，其他的則分散各等級）；5. 比較強暴受害可能性之性別差異，36.6%的女性回答「1」，即最低的可能性，而男性則有64.6%回答「1」。非性侵害之犯罪受害恐懼預測模型中，非性侵害之嚴重性、性別、非性侵害之犯罪受害可能性、家庭收入與年齡為顯著的預測變項。當加入強暴受害恐懼在模型中後，模型之預測力由.406增至.620並且性別變項的預測力變為不顯著。強暴受害恐懼於女性次樣本之預測模型中為一顯著的預測變項，但是於男性次樣本之模型中則不顯著。在女性強暴受害恐懼預測模型中，強暴嚴重性、年齡、非性侵害犯罪受害恐懼與健康狀況皆為顯著的預測變項。在所有女性三個年齡層次樣本中，強暴嚴重性皆為有力的預測變項。

關鍵字

犯罪被害恐懼 ； 強制性交被害恐懼 ； 符號互動論

並列摘要

The current study found that the female's fear of crime in all categories was significantly higher than the male's. Notable gender differences were: 1.Among twenty categories of fear of crimes, fear of rape was listed as the third place among the female but the thirteenth place among the male; 2.Among twenty categories of seriousness of crimes. the seriousness of obscene phone calls was placed as the fourth among the female but the eighth among the male; 3.Obscene phone call was listed as the second most frequent victimization among the female but the fourth among the male; 4.Comparing fear of rape between genders, 70.1% of the female answered ”10 points” which was the highest fear, while the male had polarized distribution (26.2% answered ”10 points,” 25.1% answered ”1 point,” and the others scattered between 1 and 10 points); 5. Comparing the probability of rape between genders, 36.6% of the female answered ”1 point” which was the lowest possibility while 64.6% of the male answered ”1 point,” In the predicting model of nonsexual fear of crime, the seriousness of nonsexual crime, sex, the probability of nonsexual crime victimization, family income, and age were significant predictors. After adding fear of rape into the model, the model R-square increased from 406 to 620 and the predicting power of sex became insignificant. Fear of rape was a significant predictor for the model for female subsample but insignificant for the model for the male subsample. In the female fear of rape predicting model, seriousness of rape, age, seriousness of nonsexual crime, and health condition were significant predictors. In all three age group female models, seriousness of rape was the most powerful predictor.