2015年美洲盃足球賽黃、紅牌之分析

Research of red and yellow cards in 2015 Copa America

梁建偉(Chien-Wei Liang) ； 黃子榮(Tzu-Jung Huang) ； 莊明諺(Ming-Yan Juang)

《成大體育學刊》 48卷2期 (2016/10) Pp. 54-64

https://doi.org/10.6406/JNCKUPER.201610_48(2).0004

摘要

本研究目的為進行2015年美洲盃足球賽之黃、紅牌分析。研究方法是藉由國內有線電視中天電視台電視現場實況獨家轉播，並以直播觀看及利用網路youtube平台反覆觀察並紀錄。本文從兩者間取得所有的研究數據記錄統一彙整資料處理，並從中紀錄黃、紅牌在各時段、各司職位置與各犯規行為資料，統計方法是以描述性統計及卡方分析檢定各項數據之差異，顯著水準定為α=0.05。經由分析結果顯示：一、各時段黃牌以31～45分的34張為最多，佔全部的26%。二、本次美洲盃共發出7張紅牌，最多為91～120分的3張，佔總數的43%。三、各司職位置黃牌以中場的57張為最多，佔總數的46%。四、各司職位置紅牌以前鋒及後衛的3張為最多，各佔總數的43%。五、黃牌之各犯規行為以惡意行為的86張為最多，佔總合69%。六、紅牌之各犯規行為以嚴重犯規的4張為最多，佔總合57%。經由卡方分析檢定，在各時段黃牌、各司職位置黃牌、黃牌之各犯規行為均出現顯著差異(α ＜ .05)。結論：在重要時刻變換隊形或換上攻擊選手，善用戰術增加戰力，換人的哲學考驗教練的智慧，尤其在最後15分鐘之進球、紅、黃牌、換人最頻繁的的時段，提供對於裁判執法的各時段、各司職位置、各犯規行為做為參考。

關鍵字

美洲盃 ； 黃牌 ； 紅牌 ； 犯規

並列摘要

The purpose of this paper is to analyze red and yellow cards in 2015 Copa America competition by recording and observing the videos from CTI TV Channel and YouTube. From the resources, red and yellow cards which are given at different time, at different positions and for different foul conducts are recorded. The statistics method is based on descriptive statistics and Chi-square test to determine the difference. Significant level is set at α = .05. The results show that: (1) As for yellow cards given at different time, most of them (34 cards) are given between 31st～45th minutes (26% of total); (2) There are 7 red cards in this tournament and most of them (3 cards) are given between 91st～120th minutes (43% of total); (3) As for yellow cards given to different position, midfielders get the most yellow cards (57cards / 46% of total ones); (4) As for Red cards given to different positions, strikers and defenders receive most of red cards (3 cards / 43% of total); (5) As for yellow cards given for foul conducts, violent conducts get the most ones (86 cards / 69% of total); (6) As for red cards given to foul conducts, serious misconducts get most ones (4 red cards / 57% of total). After this analysis, the results show differences (p ＜ .05) among yellow cards given at different time, at different positions and for different foul conducts. In conclusion: changing the formation at the crucial time, substituting forwards, applying tactics masterfully to increase a team's strength and the philosophy of substitution test a coach's wisdom especially at last 15 minutes which a red or a yellow card is given or substitute players frequently. This analysis offers referees a reference about different time, positions, and fouls when performing duty in the game.

並列關鍵字

the Copa America ； yellow card ； red card ； foul

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