安世霖的悲劇：1946年北平白雲觀火燒住持案研究

自金元以來，作為全真龍門祖庭的白雲觀受到各界高度的重視。清代白雲觀聲勢之熾，時人多有記載。自民國以來，雖不復清代之盛勢，然在北京影響亦甚大。1940年代，圍繞著白雲觀監院以及代理住持安世霖的訴爭持續不斷，最終的結局則是1946年11月安世霖以及督管白全一被道眾活活燒死。在本文看來，這不僅僅是安世霖以及白雲觀自身的悲劇，亦是近代時局變動下白雲觀乃至中國道教衰敗的最典型象徵之一。在既有研究的基礎上，根據北京市檔案館館藏相關檔案，本文認為，1946年白雲觀慘案實乃1940年以來白雲觀內部矛盾不斷衝突下的不幸結果，它不僅僅牽涉道教派系衝突、廟產糾紛等問題，亦與近代的政治、道士的社會角色等問題息息相關。因此，本文從白雲觀慘案為什麼會發生這一問題出發，力圖從較長的時期，對1940年代白雲觀訴爭做較全面與深入的闡釋，希冀能有助於加強近世時代變動下政治、道教與道士的角色與命運的研究。

關鍵字

北平；白雲觀；安世霖；道教

並列摘要

Baiyun guan, the most famous temple of Quanzhen Daoism since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, was also extensively written about during the Qing dynasty. Since the founding of the Republic of China, its reputation had declined somewhat, but it still had considerable influence in Beijing. In the 1 940s, lawsuits were brought against An Shilin, the prior and manager of Baiyun guan. In the end, An Shilin and his assistant, Bai Quanyi, were burned to death by a group of their fellow Daoist clerics. In this author's view, this was not only a tragedy for An Shilin and the Baiyun guan, but it also symbolizes the nadir of Baiyun guan and Daoism in modern history. This study is based on the Beijing Municipal Archives and shows how the 1946 tragedy resulted from the inner contradictions of Baiyun guan, particularly among the factions of Daoists fighting over temple property and succession procedures. It also resulted from problems of modern politics and the social role of Daoists. This article thus aims to give a fuller and deeper explanation of the lawsuit involving Baiyun guan in the 1940s, and its relationship to the tragedy. This article hopes to promote further research on the relationships among politics, Daoism and the social role and destiny of Daoism in modern Chinese history.