文學敘事與人權想像：移民工文學獎

Literature and Human Rights Imagination: Taiwan Literature Awards for Migrants

吳慧娟(Grace Hui-chuan Wu)

《中外文學》 48卷3期 (2019/09) Pp. 89-132

https://doi.org/10.6637/CWLQ.201909_48(3).0003

摘要

本文從情感政治觀點探討東南亞移民工書寫與台灣人權發展間的（不）可能性。近年來，學者與社運人士多將東南亞移民工文學的生產視為台灣人權實踐的里程碑；創辦於2014年的移民工文學獎，更被視為移民工發聲、賦權的重要文化場域。本文將收錄於文學獎得獎作品集的評審感想和得獎者感言視為文學獎作品的副文本，探究文學獎副文本如何挪用人權論述建構特定的閱讀框架，中介、動員讀者對東南亞移民工的情感結構。本文前半部從文學獎副文本所提供的閱讀脈絡，探討在台灣社會經濟發展脈絡下，移民工文學獎的生產與再生產，何以成為台灣國族身分認同與國家建構的文化場域。本文後半部聚焦於文學獎作品對於移民工人權的描繪與想像，從遷移和向上流動敘事的角度切入，探究東南亞移民工書寫如何透過真實與擬真的家人關係，重新勾勒移民工群體與台灣社會的情感結構，挑戰台灣在地以公民身分和國家建構為出發點的人權論述，並進一步想像超越自由主義個體化的基本人權。

關鍵字

移民工文學獎 ； 人權論述 ； 情感政治 ； 遷移與勞動 ； 發展權

並列摘要

The paper explores the (im)possibility of human rights for Southeast Asian migrants in Taiwan by looking at the intersection of literature and human rights with a focus on the Taiwan Literature Awards for Migrants (TLAM). Established in 2014, the TLAM has provided an important platform for Southeast Asian migrant workers to tell their stories of migration and labor. Often read as life experience of suffering and pain, the TLAM winning works witness the violation of human rights in Taiwan and narrate the myth of upward mobility through working abroad. The TLAM Board and participants claim that the writing of Southeast Asian migrants raises Taiwanese readers' awareness to the abuse of human rights and discrimination against migrant workers in Taiwan and enables a future of equality. By reading the TLAM paratexts (prefaces and afterwords) closely and unfolding the affective politics of pain and suffering articulated in the writing of the TLAM board members, this paper re-examines the founding of the TLAM as an agent to promote migrant workers' rights. The paper further studies the TLAM winning stories by foregrounding the linkage between migration, mobility, and the rights to development, and explores how those narratives create a new structure of feeling that challenges a formation of human rights culture based on citizenship and nation-building in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan Literature Awards for Migrants ； human rights discourse ； affective politics ； migration and labor ； the right to development

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