透過您的圖書館登入
IP:3.235.229.251
  • 期刊

1985-1990年職災殘廢累積發生率及原因之分析

Determinants and Trends of Occupational Disability Rates in Taiwan during 1985-1990

摘要


勞工職業傷害事件的發生率極高,本文目的在於探討歷年職災殘廢的原因、累積發生率及其變遞。所分析的對象係1985-1990年間,發生職災殘廢尚勞工保險局核付殘廢給付的34416名勞工。平均每年有5736位勞工發生職災殘廢;其中75.1%屬於製造業,7.3%礦業,5.1%為營造業。其平均年齡為35.6±13.0歲。由於被夾、被壓、被捲所致者佔75.2%,由於被刺、割、擦傷者佔9.1%,而物體飛落倒塌與交通意外事故分別佔4.8%及4.1%。男性勞工職災殘廢千人發生率,1985年為1.95,至1990年降為1.08;其15-65歲累積發生率,則從1985年之0.118降至1990年之0.063。男性勞工之今生率,約四倍於女性勞工。男性勞工之年齡別殘廢發生率,以16-20歲最高;女性則是40-55歲之間最危險。肇事之媒介物以一般動力機械最多,尤以金屬沖床發生頻率最高。殘廢嚴重程度屬於重度者佔2.3%,中度佔16.5%,其餘81.2%則屬輕度殘廢。各業別之職災殘廢累積發生率,以礦、土石採取業最高,製造業及營造業居次。除了礦、土石採取業及運輸倉儲業外,其餘各單一行職業之職災殘發生率歷年來改善有限。勞工職災殘廢率雖然六年內約下降一半,但工人數最多的製造業,其15-65歲累積發生率,男工只由1985年之0.136降至1990年之0.092,女工由0.046降至0.028,由於這期間所增加的勞工,以職災殘廢率較低的商業與服務業為主;因此勞力市場中,低危險性勞工人。比例之增加應為整體職災殘廢率下降的主因之一。未來預防職業傷害,應著重於職災殘廢發生率偏高之行職業勞工;尤以年輕缺乏職業訓練之男工或操作衝壓機械之製造業勞工最需加強傷害管制。

並列摘要


To explore the nature of work-related injuries, we collected and analyzed 34,416 records of occupational disabilities from the Labor Insurance Bureau of Taiwan. The study period ranged from January 1985 till August 1991. Sex-, year- and age-specific incidence rates and cumulative incidence rates of occupational disability were calculated. About fifty hundred workers are physically handicapped due to occupational injuries each year. Of these workers, 75.1% belong to manufacturing industry, and 7.3% were from mining and quarrying industry; 5.1% were of construction industry. The rate ratio of male workers to female workers is about 4:1. Average age (±standard deviation) of disabled workers is 35.6±13.0. Most of these events are caused by crushing (75.2%) and stabbing (9.1%). The incidence rates have steadily declined after adjustment for age and gender since 1985. The cumulative incidence rate of 15-65 year of age among male workers in 1985 and 1990 are 0.118 and 0.063, respectively. After stratification by type of industry, we found that other than mining, quarrying, and transportation, most industries did not show a marked decline. Instead, the decrease of disability rates in the past years can be partially attributed to the increased enrollment of labor insurance among low risk workers in service and commerce industries. Male workers of 16-20 years old and female workers of 40-55 years of age have the highest disability rate. Mechanical injuries (70.5%), especially those caused by press machines, were the most common etiology. 81% of disabled workers were physically able to return to work, Among the high risk occupations were: press machine operators, workers of mining and quarrying, workers of manufacturing and construction industries. We recommend that effective control measures should be developed on them.

被引用紀錄


王嘉琪(2007)。勞保制度下職災勞工傷後面臨之困境研究〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342%2fNTU.2007.10323

延伸閱讀