《公羊》學與中國傳統政治的重新反思－以《春秋》中「微言大義」的討論為中心

The Study of Gongyang and the Rethinking of Chinese Traditional Politics-Centering on the Discussion of ＂Weiyan Dayi＂ in the Spring and Autumn

曾亦(Yi ZENG)

《哲學與文化》 49卷11期 (2022/11) Pp. 5-20

摘要

自《公羊傳》立於學官以來，其對於中國傳統政治理論和實踐一直發揮著極其重要的作用。其中，歷代公羊家關於微言大義的不同說法，提供了今人理解儒家政治思想一個非常獨特的視角。大致漢儒已將微言與大義區分開來，不過，其具體內涵似無明確界說。直至清中葉以後，隨著《公羊》學的再度復興，劉逢祿借助微言與大義的區分以判分《春秋》三傳優劣，開始賦予二者以明確的內涵，而且，此種區分導致了清代今文意識的覺醒，並推動了晚清今古學之間的壁壘和紛爭。至康有為，更是將「孔子改制」視為《春秋》的「第一微言」，並成為其維新變法的理論依據，從而對於傳統政治的變革及近代中國的轉型產生了巨大的影響。

關鍵字

公羊 ； 微言 ； 大義 ； 儒家

並列摘要

Since the Gongyang was established by academic officials, it has been playing an extremely important role in the traditional Chinese political theory and practice. Among them, the different views of the Gongyang scholars about the Weiyan Dayi provide a very unique perspective for modern people to understand Confucian political thought. Generally speaking, Chinese scholars have distinguished Weiyan and Dayi, but there seems to be no clear definition of its specific connotation. Until the middle of the Qing Dynasty, with the revival of Gongyang, Liu Fenglu judged the merits and demerits of the three biographies of the Spring and Autumn, and began to give them clear connotations. Moreover, this distinction led to the awakening of the consciousness of Jinwen in the Qing Dynasty, and promoted the barriers and disputes between modern and ancient studies in the late Qing Dynasty. To Kang Youwei, the reform of Confucius was regarded as the ＂first Weiyan＂ of the Spring and Autumn, and became the theoretical basis of his reform, which had a great impact on the transformation of traditional politics and the transformation of modern China.

並列關鍵字

Gongyang ； Weiyan ； Dayi ； Confucian

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