解消「物種問題」：一個反實在論的零售論證

本文主張物種分類群並非是一個獨立於人心的實在之物，理由為：物種分類群是不可觀察物，其做為一整體無法操作，且對其指認需仰賴未來事件。而以科學實在論的形上學架構來看待物種分類群，會把物種問題帶向死胡同。本文主張以反實在論的觀點來看待物種分類群，如此，物種的多元定義便成為了一個待說明的現象，而不是一個待解決的問題。因此，我們可以有好的理由主張，「物種問題」需要的並不是解決，而是解消。

關鍵字

物種問題；科學實在論；反實在論；不可觀察物；物項實在論

並列摘要

This paper argues that species taxa are neither real, nor mind-independent entities, as they are unobservable, not manipulable as a whole, and path-dependent. The species problem leads to a cul-de-sac if investigated with a scientific realist framework. An anti-realist explanation for species taxa will provide a more feasible approach. Following this line of reasoning, the plethora of species concepts displays not a problem to solve but a phenomenon in need of explanation. Therefore, what the species problem needs is not a solution, but dissolution.

並列關鍵字

species problem ； scientific realism ； anti-realism ； unobservable ； entity realism

參考文獻

歐陽敏 (2021a)。〈去滅絶：一個過早的主張〉，《歐美研究》，51, 4: 689-720。(OuYang, M. [2021a]. De-extinction: A premature claim. EurAmerica, 51, 4: 689-720.) https://doi.org/10.7015/JEAS.202112_51(4).0002

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Blockstein, D. E. (2017). We can’t bring back the passenger pigeon: The ethics of deception around de-extinction. Ethics, Policy & Environment, 20, 1: 33-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/21550085.2017.1291826

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Chen, R.-L., & Hricko, J. (2021). Experimental individuation and philosophical retail arguments. Synthese, 198, 3: 2313-2332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-019-02207-8

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