台灣工人文學中消失的左翼視角：從「工人文學的回顧與前瞻」座談會談起

戰後台灣工人文學發展過程中的「階級」觀點，於1980年代逐漸被「國族」意識形態鬥爭所掩蓋。儘管在1970年代至1984年的「工人文學的回顧與前瞻」座談會之間，是工人文學的發展期，卻也面臨雙重困境：一方面工人作家、作品不足，另一方面則是政治對文壇的影響越來越大，工人文學成為一項較為邊緣與特殊的次文類。陳映真在此時期建立具有左翼階級色彩的「第三世界論」，與台灣文學相對。他的「華盛頓大樓系列」作品是第三世界文學的具體展現，當時卻未被歸類在工人文學當中。在現今工人文學已擴大定義為勞工文學的情況下，本文試圖透過左翼階級史觀來重構勞工文學史，藉此展現勞工文學在台灣文學歷史發展上的特殊性，以及它在「國族－鬥爭」軸線上「階級」觀點被掩蓋的過程。

關鍵字

工人文學；勞工文學；台灣文學；陳映真；第三世界論；華盛頓大樓系列

並列摘要

The ＂class＂ perspective in worker literature came to be gradually overlooked in the development of Taiwan literature owing to the contestation of national ideologies during the 1980s. While the period between the 1970s and the 1984 forum ＂Retrospect and Outlook of Worker literature＂ was pivotal to worker literature, there were two problems: the lack of worker literature writers and the literary works on the one hand, and the greater political influence on literature under which worker literature became marginal and a sub-genre of Taiwan literature on the other hand. Chen Ying-Zhen's ＂Third World Theory＂, which also developed in this period, provides a contrast to such a development with its left-wing class concerns. The Washington Building series is Chen's enactments of the ＂Third World Theory＂, but this series was not regarded as a part of worker literature in the development of Taiwan literature. As the genre of worker literature nowadays has expanded its definition to become labor literature, this essay tries to reconstruct the history of labor literature from the perspective of the left-wing historical interpretation. In so doing, this essay will present the particularity of labor literature in the history of the development of Taiwan's labor literature and show how the ＂class＂ perspective in labor literature came to be overlooked owing to the contestation of national ideologies.