This study examines the relationship between CEO overconfidence and merger and acquisition (M&A) withdrawal decision. We find that overconfident CEOs are less likely to withdraw M&A decisions than non-overconfident CEOs. Further, the market reaction to M&A withdrawals is significantly positively associated with CEO overconfidence. Moreover, the positive market reaction to M&A withdrawals by overconfident CEOs is magnified when the CEOs are monitored by outside directors with multiple directorships, whereas the effect is weakened in the post-SOX period compared to the pre-SOX period. The findings provide new insights into the implications of CEO overconfidence for firms' M&A activities.