先天道在越南的傳承與發展：以明師道南雅堂的文獻為考察核心

本文乃探討先天道在越南的發展與演變，並以肯特南雅堂為研究核心，藉以了解當今先天道在越南的在地化與特色。1863年，先天道東初派第十六代祖師張東初傳道越南，在越南稱為明師道。此後，先天道領導者便積極派人長駐越南。張道新、潘道康、劉道源、吳道章是東初派在越南發展時期重要的擴展者。明師道之所以成功發展，主要在於張道新、吳錦泉渡化了越南人阮覺原。阮覺原開辦南雅堂，梅金蘭捐獻土地，擴大南雅堂規模，丁道寧從南往北傳道，使得明師道在地化，成功在越南傳播發展。1885年起，法國統治越南，阮覺原、丁道寧與明師道信眾多數參與抗法復南的起義行動。這是越南民間教派與秘密會社的共同歷史記錄，反應了在中國之先天道與天地會融合的組織模式，也出現在越南明師道的抗法起義活動中。

關鍵字

先天道；張東初；明師道；南雅堂；越南

並列摘要

In this article, I will discuss the development and changes of Xiantiandao (The Great Way of Former Heaven) in Vietnam. To understand the localization and characteristics of modern Xiantiandao, emphasis will be placed on the Nam Nha Temple in Cần Thơ. The main reason for the huge success of Minh Sư Đạo is that Zhang Daoxin and Wu Jinquan converted the Vietnamese Nguyễn Giác Nguyên. Nguyễn Giác Nguyên established Nam Nha Temple and Mai Kim Lan donated lands to expand the territory of Nam Nha Temple while Đinh Đạo Ninh preached from south to north of Vietnam. Their efforts helped Minh to become localized and successfully disseminate throughout Vietnam. Since the French occupation of Vietnam in 1885, Nguyễn Giác Nguyên, Đinh Văn Chương and a great number of the devotees of Minh Sư Đạo had participated in rebellions against the French to restore the Vietnamese government. This historical record shared by Vietnamese popular religious sects and secret societies, reflects the model of fusion of Xiantiandao and Tiandihui in China.