論心理學發展的困境與出路

On the Predicaments and Prospects of the Developments in Psychology

張春興(Chun-Hsing Chang)

《應用心理研究》 31期 (2006/09) Pp. 55-66

摘要

近年來西方心理學家對心理學發展取向提出強烈批評。綜合各家所論，心理學以往發展的困境乃是由於：(1)自哲學心理學到科學心理學對人性解釋的理論始終紛歧，以致無法形成常規科學條件；(2)科學心理學自始即標榜自然科學而缺獨立意識；(3)強調科學方法，忽視人性特質而陷入削足適履困境。有鑑於此，今後國內心理學的發展，勢不能再行全盤西化，而應在本土文化基礎上選取西方心理學精義，針對國人心理特質研究發展出屬於自己的理論與應用心理學。最近筆者與北師大孟慶茂教授嘗試在改革中小學教學以提升學校教育品質目的下，提出的四會能力教學構想，希望對應用心理學本土文化取向的研究也能發揮一點拋磚引玉作用。

關鍵字

常規科學 ； 需要特徵 ； 科學方法前提 ； 人性特質前提 ； 本土文化取向 ； 四會能力教學

並列摘要

In recent years western psychologists have severely criticized the approaches of psychology development. In general, main reasons that lead to the predicaments of psychology development include: 1) the discrepancy between philosophical psychology and scientific psychology which not only fails to explain human nature but also checks the growth of the right conditions for science; 2) the advocacy of natural science and the lack of an independent consciousness; and 3) the emphasis on scientific methods and the neglect of human nature, which trapped the development onto a procrustean bed. To foster the future development of psychology at home, an out-and-out westernization is definitely not a feasible approach. On the contrary, it is necessary to tap the cream of western psychology on the foundation of indigenous culture, so that researchers and psychological professionals can create both the basic and applied psychologies of our own. The author worked out a four-competence instruction project with and eye to arouse the interest in the research and development of applied psychology with an indigenous orientation.

並列關鍵字

normal science ； demand characteristics ； scientific methodological basis ； human nature basis ； indigenous culture approach ； four-competence instruction

參考文獻

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