解析「主歌－副歌」形式：抒情慢歌的基模轉換與音樂酬賞

Analyzing the Verse-Chorus Form: Schema Shifts and Musical Rewards in Lyrical-Slow Songs

蔡振家(Chen-Gia Tsai) ； 陳容姍(Rong-Shan Chen) ； 余思霈(Szu-Pei Yu)

《應用心理研究》 61期 (2014/12) Pp. 239-286

摘要

抒情慢歌在臺灣流行音樂市場上佔有重要地位，然而針對其「主歌—副歌」形式（verse-chorusform）的探討卻十分有限。本研究分析國語抒情慢歌的歌詞涵義與音樂特性，釐清主歌及副歌的關係，並探討這樣的曲式如何引起聽眾的感動。歌詞分析顯示，抒情慢歌以「主歌猶豫╱副歌決定」、「主歌描述外部情景╱副歌進入內心」、「主歌描述現今或往昔╱副歌中藉由今昔對照而有所領悟」這三個類型佔多數。聆聽行為實驗藉由紀錄聽眾的生理訊號以估計情緒變化，結果顯示，抒情慢歌在進入副歌時的音量、織度、節奏、旋律、速度、和聲⋯⋯等變化，妥善渲染了「主歌→副歌」的轉折（verse-to-chorustransition），易使受試者出現皮膚導電反應（skinconductanceresponse）。藉由將上述結果放在基模轉換（schemashift）與酬賞學習（rewardlearning）的脈絡下討論，本研究希望為數十年來主副歌形式的流行，帶來新的洞觀。

關鍵字

流行歌曲 ； 音樂分析 ； 音樂心理學 ； 歌詞研究 ； 膚電反應

並列摘要

While lyrical-slow songs play a central role in the market of popular music in Taiwan, their verse-chorus form is still poorly understood. The present study analyzed lyrical-slow songs in Taiwan, with the focus on the meanings of the lyrics and the musical features. By clarifying the relationships between the verse and the chorus, we investigated how the verse-chorus form evoked emotions in listeners. Analysis on lyrics revealed that the majority of lyricalslow songs were of these three patterns: the decision pattern, the outer-inner pattern, and the intertemporal pattern. The experiment on listening behavior employed physiological measures to estimate the temporal dynamics of listeners' emotion. We found that changes in loudness, texture, rhythm, melody, tempo, and harmony at the entrance of the chorus highlighted the verse-to-chorus transition, and listeners showed skin conductance responses at such transitions. Results are discussed within the contexts of schema shifts and reward learning, whereby we expect to provide insights into the popularity of the verse-chorus form over recent decades.

並列關鍵字

lyrics analysis ； music analysis ； music psychology ； popular music ； skin conductance response

參考文獻

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