青少年心理健康的影響因素－貫時性研究

本研究目的在探討青少年心理健康影響因素與當下及未來心理健康的關係。使用「台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫」第三、第四波高中資料，此資料係以多階段分層隨機取樣，追蹤調查全國高二到高三學生心理健康情況，共分析10171筆樣本。採貫時性研究設計暸解個人、家庭、與學校因素對當下與未來心理健康的影響。研究結果發現學業成就、教育抱負、身體心像、與父母吵架冷戰、負向師生關係會影響當下與未來心理健康；父母教育期望、父母嚴格管教只影響未來心理健康；父母討論升學、父母接納、同儕關係只影響當下心理健康，在考量之前心理健康情況下，對未來心理健康的影響會消失。本研究建議重視青少年心理健康情況，從個人方面紓解青少年學業成就、教育抱負對心理健康的負影響；家庭方面發展與父母的正向關係；學校方面則需檢視與消除負向師生關係。

關鍵字

青少年；心理健康；貫時性研究

並列摘要

This study investigates the concurrent and prospective relations between the influenced factors and mental health among adolescents. The third and fourth waves of data sets of junior high school students from the Taiwan Education Panel Survey were utilized. The participants were selected with stratified random sampling. The final samples, which consisted of 10171 adolescents, were tracked from 11 to 12 grade students. Longitudinal analysis was adopted to examine individual, family and school factors affecting adolescence mental health concurrently and prospectively. Analysis results indicate that academic achievement, educational aspirations, body image, poor relations with parents, and negative teacher-student relationship affected the mental health of adolescents both concurrently and prospectively. Longitudinal data indicate that parents' educational expectations and strict parenting behaviors affect adolescent's mental health prospectively. Additionally, discussion on entering a college or university, parent accepting and peer relationship only affects concurrent mental health, and are eliminated after accounting for initial mental health. Results of this study demonstrate the importance of reducing negative effects owing to academic achievement and educational aspiration, developing positive relationship with parents, and diminishing ill-will by adolescents towards teachers.