汪政權成立前後廣東的婦女動員（1938-1945）

2019年7月，汪兆銘外孫女何重嘉，蒐集暨整理其外祖父手稿後，出版《汪精衛與現代中國》一系列叢書，不僅是增進時人對汪政權的認知，同時也助長學人研究上的史料應用。本文試圖探討學人仍未關注的1938到1945年的廣東婦女動員，眾所周知，廣州是國民黨北伐發跡之地，更為中國革命的策源地。1938年10月，日軍全面佔領廣州後，為招攬當地婦女支持，先成立婦女維持會，後擴充為廣東婦女會。1940年10月，汪政權廣東省政府成立，汪兆銘的妻子陳璧君是幕後掌權人，她將婦女維持會改組為廣東省婦女會，以統轄各縣市婦女會的事務。該會主要是向婦女進行宣傳與教化活動，並推廣和平運動及戰爭動員，如戲劇表演，以及赴各地宣傳等。同時，婦女會籌劃各救濟設施及教育機構，包括保育院、貧婦產育院，乃至省立女子師範學校。而日軍開展「大東亞戰爭」後，廣東婦女界奉行戰爭責任，並協助穩定廣東的社會局面。由此，本文將窺探這時期動員廣東婦女的來龍去脈及其特色，並勾勒戰爭與婦女的新視角。

關鍵字

婦女動員；汪政權；廣東婦女會；戰爭與婦女；廣東婦女維持會

並列摘要

In July 2019, Cindy Ho, granddaughter of Wang Zhaoming, published a series of ＂Wang Jingwei & Modern China＂ after sorting out her grandfather's manuscripts. The book not only fostered people's understanding of Wang's regime but also contribute to the application of historical materials for scholarly researches. This article attempts to explore the mobilization of Guangdong women from 1938 to 1945, an area not yet focused by prior scholars. Guangzhou was the place where the Kuomintang began its northern expedition as well as the source of the Chinese revolution. In October 1938, after the Japanese army fully occupied Guangzhou, the Women's Preservation Committee was first established and later expanded to the Guangdong Women's Association to solicit the support of local women. In October 1940, during the establishment of Wang Regime Guangdong Provincial Government, Chen Bijun, the wife of Wang Zhaoming, held behind the scenes power. She reorganized the Women's Maintenance Council into the Guangdong Province Women's Council to govern the affairs of the women's associations in various counties and cities. The Council mainly carried out propaganda and education activities for women as well as conveyed peace movements and war mobilization by drama performances and publicity in various places. Meanwhile, the organization planed various relief facilities and educational institutions, including children nursery, poor maternity homes, and Guangdong Provincial Women's Normal School. After the Japanese Army launched the ＂Great East Asian War＂, the Guangdong women's community carried out their war responsibilities and helped to stabilize Guangdong's social situation. Therefore, this article is going to investigate the process and characteristics of mobilizing Guangdong women in this period and further outline a new perspective on war and women.