劫後婦女：抗戰時期蘇州淪陷後的婦女生活

婦女史與性別研究至今已成為歷史學研究的重要領域，現代中國婦女史的研究業已有相當多的成果問世；然而，抗戰時期的婦女史涉及淪陷區的研究相當少見，且多聚焦於菁英女性的活動，直到最近的研究才觸及底層婦女的活動。本文利用淪陷時期的蘇州報紙，探討當時一般婦女的生活。本文的結果顯示，戰爭造成婦女流離失所、生計困難，於是婦女被迫淪為乞丐、被賣、被誘拐等事件頻仍。然而，上述這類戰爭時期的非常態現象，只是蘇州婦女日常生活的一面。從蘇州的例子可以發現，戰爭對當時社會的重要影響，就是加速了某些制度與社會的變遷。婚姻制度就是明顯的例子之一。蘇州婦女的婚姻呈現高度不穩定性，但也反映婦女自主婚姻有更大的空間。戰爭加速蘇州社會變遷的另一個例子，就是出現許多新興的職業婦女，尤其是大量的女性服務業者湧現。在當時報紙上，雖然刊載許多男性撰稿者對婦女生活發生這樣變化的諷刺與批評，反映了男性社會對婦女出入公共場所與職場的焦慮，卻忽略這類現象也可以算是婦女的一種生存策略。再者，婦女的活動又反映了戰時淪陷區社會的另一種特徵，即高度的流動性。最後透過當時蘇州婦女的休閒情況，呈現了戰時城市社會貧富兩極分化的現象。

關鍵字

抗日戰爭；蘇州；婦女；淪陷區；日常生活

並列摘要

Despite the growing wealth of studies related to gender in Chinese history, scholars have tended to neglect the fates of women in occupied China under the Japanese. As well, what little research has been done focused almost exclusively on the elite classes. This article seeks to reconstruct the plight of ordinary women through an analysis of contemporary newspaper articles, showing how many lost their homes and livelihoods as a result of the occupation. At the same time, however, war also served as an accelerator of social change. As the example of Suzhou shows, marriage mores came under enormous pressure amid the upheaval of the times, leading to both greater uncertainty and greater autonomy for women. Similarly, socio-economic pressures also led to an upsurge in new service jobs for women, who increasingly relied upon themselves to make ends meet. These changes were often criticized or satirized by male writers, who dominate the main sources used here. Nonetheless, their descriptions reflect a sense of anxiety amid the general volatility of life under the occupation, as well as the accumulating social changes that were taking place. In the final part of this article, a brief excursion into the leisure activities of contemporary women is undertaken, which reveals a growing rift between the rich and the poor in urban Suzhou.