從表淺僑鄉到活態潮鄉：汕頭舊城的文化治理與日常生活

本研究考察汕頭舊城小公園晚近的襲產觀光化。透過鞋業批發者、文創工作者和騎樓使用者三群人在變局中的不同處境與因應之道，探討文化導向的都市再生及其影響。襲產場域中的居民以日常實作把握資源、承擔風險，在表淺的僑鄉治理中活出生機的潮鄉文化，讓地方有了生生不息的可能。本文試圖呈現他們的調適經驗，從人的感受與行動來理解和反思治理政策施行。維持都市平穩轉型考驗眾人之智，治理體制不該忽視處於風險下的人群。本文採取田野參與式觀察及深度訪談為主要研究方法。首先，作者梳理小公園的演變歷史，剖析20世紀初期有機生成的僑鄉小公園如何歷經百年浮沉，轉化為脫離華僑社會網絡的歷史襲產。特別是2016年以來，官方挪用僑鄉之名展開的表淺文化治理如何推動觀光化變局。然後，作者拆解襲產化過程的不同事件及其關係人的利益訴求，揭露從舊城社區到襲產景區的轉變，為何引發包括保育專業性、效益、美學、衛生、安全等複雜價值爭議。進而，以傳統批發行業、新興文創產業的從業者，乃至更為異質多元的騎樓使用者三群人為例，藉由細述不同人群的日常實作，呈現居民的不同處境與因應之道。他們經由調整經營地址、改變經營方式和空間營造佈局等調適策略解決困境，形成扎根本土的營生理念、追求自我的生活風格和呼應假日經濟的工作模式，主動或被動地於襲產之中根著、蛻變、漂移、入局或退場。因而重新賦予舊城生機與意義，達到都市新陳代謝的「活態保存」。最後，本文指出，日常生活既鑲嵌在都市治理的結構之中，又因主觀能動性而差異化，正由於居民的調適結果與他們的商業人脈、自我實現信念、房屋產權等因應條件相關，才揭露了看似日常的生活，其實有著幽微的無常。

關鍵字

文化治理；日常生活；鞋業批發；文創工作；騎樓使用；僑鄉

並列摘要

This research focuses on the heritage tourism of Xiaogongyuan, an old town in Shantou. By revealing the different situations and solutions of the shoe wholesalers, the creative laborers and the arcade users, this thesis discusses urban renewal led by cultural governance and its impact. Residents in the cultural heritage field use resources as well as take risks by daily practice. They create a Vibrant Chaoxiang culture in the Superficial Qiaoxiang, which makes this place has a chance to live long and prosper. This study attempts to understand and reflect on the governance policies through people's feelings and actions by analyzing their adaptation experiences. A stable urban transformation needs the collective wisdom of the entire society. The government should not neglect the marginal people at risk. Participating observation and in-depth interviews are adopted. Firstly, the author elaborates on the historical transitions of Xiaogongyuan, which was organically generated as Qiaoxiang in the early 20th century and has changed into a historical heritage separated from oversea social network after a century of drift. Especially since 2016, the superficial cultural governance in the name of Qiaoxiang has promoted the transformation of tourism in Xiaogongyuan. Then, by analyzing the different events with the stakeholders in the process of heritagization, the author reveals why the transformation from the old city community to the scenic area has triggered complex value disputes, including conservation professionalism, efficiency, aesthetics, health, safety and so on. Furthermore, taking the practitioners of traditional wholesale industry, emerging cultural and creative industry, and even more heterogeneous and diverse arcade users as examples, this thesis presents the different situations and solutions of residents by detailing the daily implementation of different groups. They solve their difficulties by adjusting their business address, changing their business mode and space construction layout, form a locally rooted business philosophy, pursue their own life style and a working mode echoing the holiday economy, and actively or passively root, transform, drift, enter or exit in the heritage. Therefore, the old city is endowed with vitality and significance again, so as to achieve the "living preservation" of urban metabolism. Finally, this thesis points out that daily life is not only embedded in the structure of urban governance, but also differentiated due to subjective initiative. It is precisely because the adjustment behavior of residents are related to their own business contacts, self pursuit, housing property rights and other corresponding conditions, so that it reveals the seemingly daily life actually has subtle impermanence.