優秀桌球選手在不同級別比賽之生理與心理反應

Physiological and Psychological Response of Elite Table Tennis Players During Different Levels of Competition

陳建利(Jiann-Li Chen) ； 唐嘉佑(Chia-Yu Tang)

《大專體育學刊》 22卷4期 (2020/12) Pp. 366-378

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.202012_22(4).0007

摘要

本研究目的探討優秀桌球選手在不同級別比賽之生理與心理反應，同時瞭解選手在比賽時的疲勞情形及能量系統之關係。招募18名受試者，其中9名國家組選手、9名甲組選手。所有選手皆打滿七局比賽，並分析比賽前（安靜值）、比賽中（第一局、第四局比賽後）及比賽後（賽後立即點及恢復期）之血乳酸（blood lactic acid, BLA）、血糖（blood glucose, BG）、心跳率（heart rate, HR）及運動自覺量表（rating of perceived exertion, RPE）等4項測驗。研究結果發現國家組與甲組的BLA峰值於賽後第3min出現，而國家組在第七局比賽後、賽後第3、7及10min顯著高於甲組；心跳率部分，兩組在比賽前至第七局比賽後均有逐漸上升，甲組在比賽前及賽後第10min顯著高於國家組；運動知覺疲勞RPE方面，兩組在比賽前至第七局比賽後均有逐漸上升，峰值則在第七局比賽後出現，而甲組在賽後第5及10min顯著高於國家組。研究結論顯示：選手的生理、心理反應在比賽結束達最高值，乳酸（lactic acid, LA）則在恢復期才產生最高值；國家組在BLA值高於甲組，即代表比賽中的質量及對抗強度更高，但RPE心理的起伏反應卻小於甲組選手。本研究建議桌球教練及選手，在比賽過程中無氧能量的使用與對手的層級有關，層級高的比賽選手需儲備更好的體能面對挑戰。

關鍵字

血乳酸 ； 血糖 ； 心跳率

並列摘要

The study aimed to investigate the physiological and psychological responses of elite table tennis players at different levels of competition to understand the relationship between fatigue and energy metabolism during the games. Eighteen table tennis players were recruited in this research, including 9 national players and 9 professional (Group A) players. Each player played 7 games during a match. Changes in blood lactic acid (BLA), blood glucose (BG), heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were tested prior to (resting values), during (after the first and the fourth game), and after the match (immediately after the match and during the recovery period). The study found peak blood lactate values in the 3rd min after the match for both national and professional players, while the values of national players were significantly higher than the professional players after the 7th game as well as in the 3rd, 7th, and 10th min after the match. The HR of both teams was gradually increased from prior to the match to the 7th game. The professional players had significantly higher HR than the national players at baseline and also in the 10th min after the match. The RPE values of the 2 teams were gradually increased from prior to the match to the 7th game with the peak values appearing after the match, and the RPE values of professional players were significantly higher than the national players in the 5th and 10th min after the match. The study concluded that peak values of physiological and psychological responses were reached after the match, while the peak blood lactate value was reached during the recovery period. The national players had higher blood lactate values than the professional players, which indicating that their mass and confrontational intensity were higher during the competition, however, their psychological responses in terms of RPE were lower. This study suggests that anaerobic metabolism is related to the skill level of the opponent. Hence, we recommend table tennis coaches and players that high skilled players should improve their physical capacities for facing challenges.

並列關鍵字

blood lactic acid ； blood glucose ； heart rate

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