臺灣民眾環境與休閒時間身體活動之關係

Relationship Between Environment and Leisure-Time Physical Activity Among Adults in Taiwan

趙美玲(Mei-Ling Chao) ； 江東亮(Tung-Liang Chiang) ； 陳雅美(Ya-Mei Chen) ； 梁富文(Fu-Wen Liang) ； 翁莉婷(Li-Ting Weng)

《大專體育學刊》 24卷2期 (2022/06) Pp. 164-186

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.202206_24(2).0002

摘要

本研究目的以生態模式探討環境與休閒時間身體活動之間的關係，並分析在不同環境下，休閒時間身體活動量是否有所不同。環境變項來自國家衛生研究院「國民健康訪問調查」之都市化程度、教育部體育署「全國運動場館資訊網」之運動設施資料庫及內政部國土測繪中心「綠地面積」。研究資料為2013年「國民健康訪問調查」16,125名25歲以上的成人，前一週休閒時間身體活動的頻率、時間、強度，並依據世界衛生組織建議量分為以下兩類，其分別為達到休閒時間身體活動量與未達到休閒時間身體活動量。分析結果指出：住在都市地區民眾有較高的機率達到身體活動建議標準量；運動設施密度較高地區比密度低地區，達到身體活動建議標準量機率較低；綠地面積與休閒時間身體活動量無關。本研究結論認為休閒時間身體活動存在城鄉差距，而運動設施密度與綠地面積無法直接提升休閒時間身體活動量。政策及實務上，應考量不同人口特性的影響，尤其低社經地位者或鄉村地區，政府或社區政策介入更顯重要。

關鍵字

生態模式 ； 國民健康訪問調查 ； 都市化程度 ； 綠地面積 ； 運動設施密度

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the environment and leisure-time physical activity from the ecological model by presenting levels of leisure-time physical activity under different circumstances. The environmental variables and data sources included the degree of urbanization (from the 2013 the National Institutes of Health Survey), density of sport facilities (from the Sports Department of the Ministry of Education), and green space (from the National Land Surveying and Mapping Center, Ministry of the Interior, Taiwan). Data from the 2013 National Health Interview Survey, which included 16,125 adults over the age of 25, calculated leisure-time physical activity by compiling frequency, time and calorie expenditure of leisure-time physical activity in the previous week into a composite indicator, and divided subjects into sufficient physical activity and physical inactivity. Results indicated that people living in urban areas had higher probability of getting the recommended amount of leisure-time physical activity than those in rural areas. Those in areas with a higher sport facilities density had a lower probability of meeting the recommended levels of leisure-time physical activity than those in areas with lower density. Size of green space was not associated with levels of leisure-time physical activity. We conclude that there is an urban-rural divide in leisure-time physical activity. Density of sport facilities and size of green space are not sufficient to support physical activity. Our findings generate policy implications designed to take demographic characteristics into consideration, especially of those in less privileged positions, when designing community-level intervention.

並列關鍵字

ecological model ； National Health Interview Survey ； urbanization ； green space ； sport facilities density

參考文獻

黃淑貞、洪文綺、殷蘊雯、邱雅莉、林怡君（2009）。城鄉兒童主要照顧者自覺環境因素與身體活動之關係研究。健康促進與衛生教育學報，31 期，51-80 頁。doi: 10.7022/JHPHE.200906.0051[Huang, S.-J., Hung, W.-C., Yin, Y.-W., Chu, Y.-L., & Lin, Y.-J. (2009). Relationship between perceived environment and physical activity of care takers of children in urban and rural areas. Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education, 31, 51-80. doi: 10.7022/JHPHE.200906.0051]

劉介宇、洪永泰、莊義利、陳怡如、翁文舜、劉季鑫、梁賡義（2006）。臺灣地區鄉鎮市區發展類型應用於大型健康調查抽樣設計之研究。健康管理學刊，4 卷 1 期，1-22 頁。doi: 10.29805/JHM.200606.0001[Liu, C.-Y., Hung, Y.-T., Chuang, Y.-L., Chen, Y.-J., Weng, W.-S., Liu, J.-S., & Liang, K.-Y. (2006). Incorporating development stratification of Taiwan townships into sampling design of large scale health interview survey. Journal of Health Management, 4(1), 1-22. doi: 10.29805/JHM.200606.0001]

Chao, M.-L., Chiang, T.-L., & Pai, F.-M. (2011). The patterns and correlates of leisure-time physical activity among elderly adults in Taiwan. Journal of Tourism and Health Science, 10(1), 81-95. doi: 10.29863/JTHS.201112.0005

黃耀宗（2003）。從運動對健康促進的觀點探討身體活動的測量與運動強度的訂定。大專體育，65 期，155-161 頁。doi: 10.6162/SRR.2003.65. 24[Huang, Y.-C. (2003). Measurement of physical activity and determination of exercise intensity from the exercise for health promotion perspective. The University Physical Education & Sport, 65, 155-161. doi: 10.6162/SRR.2003.65.24]

溫啟邦、衛沛文、詹惠婷、詹益辰、江博煌、鄭丁元（2007）。從分析運動熱量談當前臺灣全民運動政策─比較臺灣與美國民眾的運動習慣、強度與頻率。臺灣公共衛生雜誌，26 卷 5期，386-399 頁。doi: 10.6288/TJPH2007-26-05-04[Wen, C.-P., Wai, J. P.-M., Chan, H.-T., Chan, Y.-C., Chiang, P.-H., & Cheng, T.-Y. (2007). Evaluating the physical activity policy in Taiwan: Comparison of the prevalence of physical activity between Taiwan and the U.S. Taiwan Journal of Public Health, 26(5), 386-399. doi: 10.6288/TJPH2007-26-05-04]