創意社會的關鍵：以建築歷史三時期為例

創意社會的研究對當前時代趨向有一定的重要性，在設計領域中也一直具有高度的討論價值，其議題性囊括心理學、社會學、認知科學、文化分析學等多個角度。本研究提出創造力須有時間性的觀點，提出兩點研究問題：1.在建築歷史的角度上，形塑出具有創造力社會的關鍵因子有哪些？2.這些因子在建築歷史中彼此間的消長與定位為何？研究方法首先綜觀整體創造力研究的文獻，推導出兩類型的創造力因子─社會性：政治、經濟、群體、文化、科技；個人性：設計方法、媒材、形式。接著根據建築歷史中三個重要且在建築語言上有大幅異動的時期：文藝復興、現代主義、數位時代，進行認知實驗，結果發現這八個從文獻分析出來的創造力時代因子都成立，且因時期的不同呈現不同消長，在彼此關聯性上，除科技因子之外，其餘社會性因子與個人性因子皆彼此環環相扣。就歷史的脈絡演進下，社會性創意因子的影響因素逐漸削弱，而個人性因子增強，科技因子受全球數位化影響，呈現影響建築創造趨勢最重要的關鍵。

關鍵字

創造力；建築歷史；創意社會

並列摘要

The research of creative society demonstrates a certain degree of importance to the current trend. It has always been highly discussed in the field of design. Its topic covers psychology, sociology, cognitive science, cultural analysis and so on. This research brings up the idea that the design must have the perspective of timeliness. There are two research questions to be discussed: 1. From the architectural history's perspective, what are the key factors that shape and form a creative society? 2. What are the growth/decline and positioning of these key factors in the architectural history? The research method first reviewed the literature on overall creativity research and derived two types of creativity factors-Social: politics, economics, group, culture, technology. Personal: design method, media, form. Then, based on three important periods in architectural history which are also the periods of significant changes: Renaissance, Modernism, and Digital Age. In this research, cognitive experiments were conducted, and we have found out that those eight creativity factors analyzed from the literature were all well established. Those factors also demonstrated their growth and decline based on the different periods of time. In terms of correlation, except for the technology factor that is so significant, the other social factors and personal factors are correlated with each other. In the context of historical evolution, the influences of social factors are gradually weakened, while the personal factors are strengthened. The technology factor is affected by global digitization, and presents the most important key to affect the trend of architecture.

並列關鍵字

Creativity ； Architectural History ； Creative Society

參考文獻

Kokotovich, V., & Purcell, A. T. (2000). Mental synthesis and creativity in design: An experimental examination. Design Studies, 21(5), 437-449. doi:10.1016/S0142-694X(00)00017-X

Mednelsohn, G. A. (1976). Associative and attentive processes in creative performance. Journal of Personality, 44(2), 341-369. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1976.tb00127.x

Newell, A., Shaw J. C., & Simon H. A. (1962). The process of creative thinking. In H. Gruber, G. Terrell, & M. Wertheimer (Eds.), Contemporary approaches to creative thinking (pp. 63-119). New York, NY: Atherton Press. doi:10.1037/13117-003

Akin, Ö., & Akin, C. (1996). Frames of reference in architectural design: Analyzing the hyper-acclamation (aha!). Design Studies, 17(4), 341-361. doi:10.1016/S0142-694X(96)00024-510.1016/S0142-694X(96)00024-5

Cross, N. (1997). Creativity in design: Analyzing and modeling the creative leap. Leonardo, 30(4), 311-317. doi:10.2307/1576478

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創意社會的關鍵：以建築歷史三時期為例

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