- 期刊
- OpenAccess
Infants' Neurodevelopmental Effects of PM_(2.5) and Persistent Organohalogen Pollutants Exposure in Southern Taiwan
摘要
Several studies have stated the harmful effects of PM_(2.5) to population health, including disruption of neurological development. However, the mechanism behind the neurodevelopmental effects of ambient PM_(2.5) and postnatal PBDEs and OCPs exposure is still unknown. Our goal was to determine influence of breastmilk residues, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), to the infants' neurodevelopment with respect to high and low PM_(2.5) exposure areas. The participants were recruited from high PM_(2.5) exposure areas (n = 32) and low PM_(2.5) exposure areas (n = 23) of southern Taiwan. The extracted 14 PBDEs and 20 OCPs compounds were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer. The infants, aging from 8-12 months, were examined by Bayley Scales of Infants and Toddlers Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) for neurodevelopment. Results showed that high PM_(2.5) exposure caused reduced head circumference and had significant effects on the motor skill and social emotional development. For breastmilk PBDEs, a positive correlation between BDE-196 and social emotion, after multivariate analysis with adjustment of confounders, was observed while BDE-99, 196, 197, and 207 showed higher magnitudes in low PM_(2.5) areas than in high PM_(2.5) areas. For OCPs, only γ- hexachlorcyclohexanes (γ-HCH) presented the significant difference between high and low PM_(2.5) exposure areas. Most breastmilk OCPs residues, including 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (4,4'-DDT), γ-HCH, endrin, and heptachlor epoxide showed negative impact on the Bayley-III scores after multivariate analysis. In conclusion, infants' neurodevelopment was significantly correlated with the location of PM_(2.5) exposure and breastmilk intake of certain PBDEs and OCPs. Breastmilk OCPs might obviously affect infants' neurodevelopment more compared to breastmilk PBDEs based on our finding. Moreover, this study further employs awareness about viable effects of PM_(2.5) in infants' neurodevelopment.
延伸閱讀
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