摘要
This contribution to the journal issue begins with a literature review of the main underlying causes of societal divisions considered by the various authors as giving rise to the emergence of polarization in many countries around the world. A discussion of the process of the pole formation then precedes the main section of the essay, which focuses on polarization in Poland. Its objective is to offer insights into the unfolding process in a country once considered a regional leader in post-communist democratic transformation, but now is listed among those in which democracy is under threat.
參考文獻
Radoslaw Markowski, “Plurality Support for Democratic Decay: The 2019 Polish Parliamentary Election,” West European Politics 47, no. 7 (February 17, 2020): 1513-1525, doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2020.1720171
Seymour Martin Lipset, Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1959), 83.
Charles Tilly, Contention and Democracy in Europe, 1650-2000 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004)
Adam Przeworski and John D. Sprague, Paper Stones: A History of Electoral Socialism (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986)
Adrienne LeBas, “Can Polarization Be Positive? Conflict and Institutional Development in Africa,” American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 1 (2018): 59-74.
延伸閱讀
- 楊三億（2005）。The EU's Eastward Enlargement and Its Impacts on Poland。全球政治評論，(11)，79-110。https://doi.org/10.29899/JRM.200507.0004
- Kubik, J. (2012). Illiberal Challenge to Liberal Democracy: The Case of Poland. Taiwan Journal of Democracy, 8(2), 79-89. https://doi.org/10.29654/TJD.201212.0008
- 錢蘊瑜（2012）。The Transformation of Polish Former Communist Party〔碩士論文，淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2012.00955
- 江芸萱（2011）。A Study on Polish Semi-presidentialism〔碩士論文，淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2011.00092
- Czarny, P. (2010). Poland's History and Adoption of the Constitutional Law. 東亞法學評論, 1(1), 105-115. https://doi.org/10.29432/EALJ.201003.0008