The Taiwanese Kám and the Cleft Construction

台語ê kám與分裂句

劉承賢(Sêng-Hiân Lâu)

《台語研究》 2卷2期 (2010/09) Pp. 104-141

https://doi.org/10.6621/JTV.2010.0202.05

摘要

本論文明確tik kā kám ê句法位置做分析。事實上，kám除了出現tī leh主語hām述語中間，mā ē-tàng用tiàm主詞ê頭前iah動詞複合詞內底，總－是伊bē用得出現tī非限定分句－níh。爲著beh解說kám是按怎ē-tàng tī句中相對khah kuân ê位置出現，suah無法度kap屈折短語倒爿墘ê副詞tàu陣使用ê問題（參考Cinque 1999），本論文參考Jackendoff(1972)，指出tsit个不相容有伊語義頂kuân ê起致，bē-sái用tse來做kám句法位置ê參考，tse liáh外，tsit篇論文就利用kám kap焦點標誌sī之間ê固定順序，sī代替kám來做句法位置ê檢定，證明kám ê句法位置tik實是比以早ê文獻所分析－ê koh ke真kuân，我主張kám是tī leh標句語短語內底ê疑問詞短語ē-kha(Rizzi 1997, 2001)。若關係kám thang插入去動詞複合詞ê部份，本論文參考王乾安(2010) kap Koopman (2010)等學者ê主張，採用雙標句語短語結構ê分析，結果thang知tsit个現象並m是例外；另外kám無法度用tī非限定分句ê部份，本論文以非限定句ê投射無齊全來提出說明，tsit个現象koh仝時進一步證明kám ê句法位置是tī標句語短語ê主張。Tsit篇論文ê分析，對主題顯著ê語言利用主題化來助贊焦點ê句法運作thang取得範域ê運作模式，有提供一个實例。

關鍵字

敢問句 ； 焦點 ； 主題化

並列摘要

In this paper I explicitly identify the highest and lowest possible positions of kám in a sentence. Apart from its occurrence between the subject and the predicate, kám can also appear before the subject, or be inserted into a verb compound. However, it is not acceptable to have kám in a non-finite clause. In order to explain how kám can occur in a relatively high position but it is incompatible with some high adverbs in the left periphery (Cinque 1999), I suggest that this incompatibility is due to independent semantic reasons (à la Jackendoff 1972). Moreover, with the observation that kám always precedes sī, I inspect the relative positions of sī and speaker-oriented adverbs to circumvent the said semantic incompatibility. Consequently, I point out indirectly that kám is under the interrogative phrase in the CP domain (Rizzi 1997, 2001). On the lower side, it is suggested that kám's insertion into a verb compound is not problematic under the bi-clausal structure following Wang (2010) and Koopman (2010), among others. Its non-occurrence in a non-finite clause is then explained away with the imperfect projection of subordinate clauses in the control construction and constitutes another piece of evidence that kám is at a relatively high syntactic position. In general, this study demonstrates the role of topicalization in focus operation in topic-prominent languages.

並列關鍵字

kám ； focus ； topicalization

參考文獻

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Aoun, Joseph,Li, Y.-H. Audrey(1993).Wh-element in-situ: syntax or LF?.Linguisitcs Inquiry.24,199-238.

Brennan, Virgina M.(1993).Root and Epistemic Modal Auxiliary Verbs.University of Massachusetts.

Brody, Michael(1990).Some Remarks on the Focus Field in Hungarian.UCL Working Papers in Linguistics.(UCL Working Papers in Linguistics).

Chafe, Wallace(1976).Givenness, contrastiveness, definiteness, subjects, topics, and point of view.Symposium on Subject and Topic.(Symposium on Subject and Topic).