紅關公、白劉備、黑張飛：試論臺灣、金門、廈門之紅龜粿形象意涵及文化創變

「閩南文化圈Min-Nan Culture」統攝臺灣、閩廣、及南洋僑鄉的文化主體，甚至兼容他國以閩南文化為生活展現的族群皆涵其間。除語言、生活模式及節慶祭儀相似可作為比較外，許多細部如飲食類型、衣裝樣態、起居模式都可視為一種文化象徵。本文試圖以「龜」形祭物作為閩南文化圈的飲食、節慶、圖像等文化脈絡的考察，並以臺灣、金門、廈門三個島嶼之間的「紅龜粿」進行實地考察，並較異同。而本文操作以田野為主，文獻為輔，呈現筆下民俗現象的存跡。本文以三地龜粿圖像線條及文化詮釋為先，進以論述三地在地民俗文學及文化的歷史呈現及現當代生活實際，終以文化創意之延伸進行闡釋。三地以金門存古較深，在色調、圖像、材料使用上又呈現區域性的粉紅色、多邊菱形龜圖像、糯米與地瓜相合，而臺灣與廈門則多以正紅色、圓邊環形六角龜殼紋、純糯米糰為主。而其文化傳衍近同，以節慶、喜事、誕辰祝壽為主。近代延伸的文化形象之建構，廈門則以徒步區裝置藝術為呈現，臺灣則衍伸磁鐵、衣飾、生活用品等圖像的創意產品，金門則以紙塑龜粿明信片為主，詮釋各地特色。職是之故，三地據原鄉糕餅粿文化為初衷進行常民生活之應用，至現代，則從文化復興、懷舊、再現的角度為創作，以體現閩南地區的紅龜粿文化。

關鍵字

龜文化；紅龜粿；閩南文化圈；僑鄉；文化創意

並列摘要

Min-Nan Culture unifies the main cultures of Taiwan, Fujian, Guangzhou, and overseas hometowns in Southeast Asia, and it even include groups in other countries that show those cultures in their life. Besides lanuages, lifestyles, festivals, and rituals which can be compared in their similarities, many details such as types of diet, clothing styles, and living patterns can also be seen as cultural symbols. In this paper we attempt to study the diet, festivals, images, and other cultural contexts by the ＂turtle-shaped＂ offerings. And, field trips were taken for the ＂red turtle cakes＂ from Taiwan, Kinmen, and Xiamen, differences and similarities compared. This article is based on the field trips literature as supplememtary references, showing the existence of the folk custom written here. In this article we first study the images, body lines, and cultural interpretation of the red turtle-shaped cakes; and further, discuss the history showed in the folk lierature and culture and the contemporary real life; then finally, explain the extension of cultural creativeness. Among the three regions, Kinmen maintains most period pieces. Also, in colors, images, and usages of materials, it shows the regional pink, many-sided diamond shaped turtle images, and combination of rice and sweet potato. In Taiwan and Xiamen, there is more pure red, round edged and ring like hexagon turtle shell veins, and pure glutinous rice in main. The cultural transmission is similar; festivals, weddings, celebration of birthdays take most parts. On the construction of cultural images extended by the late generations, Xiamen shows the installation art in the on-foot area; in Taiwan, they came out with magnets, garments, daily necessities and other creative products with images; in Kinmen, paper-made red turtle cakes postcards are the main produce. Each region owns its local feature. According to their vocation, the three regions apply the original intention from the culture of their local cakes to people's daily life. Up to now, creating with a view of cultural revival, nostalgia, reappearance, it shows the culture of red turtle-shape cakes in the Min-Nan Culture regions.

並列關鍵字

culture of turtle ； red turtle cakes ； Min-Nan culture ； overseas hometowns ； cultural creativeness

國際替代計量

紅關公、白劉備、黑張飛：試論臺灣、金門、廈門之紅龜粿形象意涵及文化創變

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