智能輔具於機構照護之應用

The Application of Intelligent Assistive Devices in Institutional-Based Care

黃米秀(Huang, Mi-Hsiu)

《兩岸企業社會責任與社會企業家學術期刊》 5期 (2020/03) Pp. 124-134

摘要

人類自有歷史以來，即有「照護（顧）」之存在與發展，其中即含有長期性照護（顧）之部份，然後才逐漸發展成制度與體系，而在長期性照護其中即必然包含機構式及社區式之照護型態。隨著社會之整體進展，人類生活所需之生活、健康及安全三大方面需求的滿足、提供、施予與發展，乃為人類所必需面對的課題，亦是現代文明社會之重要議題。在人類社會的自然發展經驗中，因「人口高齡化」之必然走向，加上串連而來之「疾病型態的慢性化」、「健康問題障礙化」、「照護內容複雜化」、「照護時間長期化」等趨勢下，更為突顯，亦使得健康照護之體系須從單一走向涵蓋多層面照護需求周延複雜之體制，而機構式與社區式之照護即發展成型，並在各地以不同之樣貌出現或存在。台灣老化快速，其相關照護的資源與照護人力面臨著嚴重不足的困境，目前針對長期照護特定人力的培訓以建立適當的制度，衛生福利部提供其標準訓練的課程綱要，並鼓勵相關機構辦理研習會，以提高醫療專業人員及照護人員的照護品質。然而，如此方式的人員培訓，成長速度十分緩慢，無法因應快速高齡化社會對長期照護的大量人力需求，而社政單位的療養機構，其醫護及照護人員更因資源缺乏及人力不足，少有機會接受在職訓練，嚴重影響照護技術的提升與照護品質的維持。由此可看出，如何在有限的人力、物力、財力及時間下，提高服務效率，做好時間管理，進而達成照護品質維持的目的，已成為近年來長期照護服務領域最受矚目的課題。傳統照護方式太仰賴人力，缺乏效率且難以蒐集數據，有很多資料其實可以共用，但過去這些重複庶務，減少了護理人員陪伴和關心長者的時間。隨著科技的發展，智能輔具的應用已顯著改善這種狀況，經由智慧床墊可從電腦上隨時監測受照護者在床上的動態、經由生命徵象測量儀，生理數據可直接上傳主機，減輕照護負擔、提升照護品質並提高工作效率。照護人力不足以因應快速發展的高齡人口，幾乎是全球各國都面臨的困境，科技輔具的導入不但能夠減輕照顧者壓力，更讓受照顧者擁有良好生活品質，但「科技跟長照語言是不通的」，機構管理者必須融合照顧者需求跟科技廠商，精準傳達所需，這過程需要磨合。養老產業結合智慧照護是未來之必然，智慧輔具在長期照護領域的應用，減輕第一線照護人力的壓力，提升照顧效率及促進長照服務品質，達到「尊嚴安老」的照護宗旨。

關鍵字

機構式照護 ； 智能輔具

並列摘要

Care has established since the beginning of the history, and it includes long-term care. It then develops into systems. Long-term care must include institutional and community-based care. With the overall progress of the society, human beings need to face issues, such as how to satisfy, provide, distribute and develop the three major aspects of life, health, and safety. These issues are also important for the modern and civilized society. In the natural development experience of the human society, the inevitable trend of ＂aging of the population＂, couples with the ＂chronicity of disease patterns＂, ＂disability of health problems＂, ＂complications of care content＂. The trend of long-term-care time has become even more prominent. It also makes the health care system needs a complex system with multilayered care needs from a single one. Institutional and community-based care are developed and formed in different places. Taiwan is growing aged fast, and its related care resources and labor are facing serious shortages. Currently, in order to establish an appropriate system for the long-term care training for specific labor and to improve the quality of care for medical professionals and caregivers, the Ministry of Health and Welfare provides its standard training curriculum and encourages relevant institutions to conduct studies. However, the personnel training in this way has a very slow growth rate and cannot respond to the large labor demand for the long-term care in a rapidly aging society. The medical institutions and nursing staff of the social administration units are scarce due to the lack of resources and insufficient labor. The opportunity to receive on-the-job training seriously affects the improvement of care technology and the maintenance of care quality. It can be seen that, with limited labor, material resources, financial resources and time, how to improve service efficiency, manage time well, and then achieve the purpose of maintaining care quality, have become the most significant issue in the field of long-term care services in recent years. Traditional care methods rely too much on labor are inefficient and difficult to collect data. A lot of data can actually be shared, but these repeated tasks in the past have reduced the time spent by nursing staffs to accompany and care for the elderly. With the development of science and technology, the application of intelligent assistive devices has significantly improved this situation. Through the smart mattress, the caretaker's movements on the bed can be monitored at any time from the computer, and through the vital sign measuring instruments, physiological data can be directly uploaded to the host, reducing the burden of care, improve the care quality and increase the productivity. There is not enough labor of long-term care to cope with the fast-growing elderly population. It is a predicament faced by almost all countries around the world. The introduction of technology assistive devices cannot only reduce the pressure on caregivers, but also give the caregivers a good quality of life. However, it is not enough. Institutional managers must integrate the needs of caregivers with technology manufacturers and accurately communicate the needs. Meanwhile, the integration process needs time to run. The combination of smart care in the elderly industry is inevitable in the future. In the field of long-term care, the application of smart assistive devices reduces the pressure on the front-line care staff, improves the efficiency of care and promotes the quality of long-term care services, and achieves the care of ＂dignified care for the elderly＂.

並列關鍵字

institutional care ； smart care