TRIGGERING AN IMPLIED CLAUSE: INSIGHTS FROM TSO IN CHANGDE DIALECT

触发隐含语义：以常德方言句末“着”为例

唐清(Qing Tang) ； 韩流(Liu Han) ； 韩景泉(Jingquan Han)

《Journal of Chinese Linguistics》 50卷2期 (2022/06) Pp. 475-508

摘要

This paper argues that tso in Changde dialect is a sentence final particle and its use may trigger an implied clause. It is observed that tso is only allowed in a suggestive imperative, restricted to co-occurring with the adverb cian^(55)先 'first'. Besides, xa下or ta哒alternately appears in a tso-suffixed sentence. A comparison of tso in Changde dialecct to zhe in Mandarin on the one hand and to tşe^(55) in Longhui dialect on the other hand shows that tso has similarities to and differences from both. While zhe is an aspectual particle, it may also trigger an implicit meaning in [V+zhe] construction. Although both of tso and tşe^(55) can be used as sentence final particles to introduce a sequential event implicitly, the use of tso is more constrained than tşe^(55).

關鍵字

tso ； Changde dialect ； Sentence final particle ； Syntax

並列摘要

本文以常德方言tso＂着”为例，分析得出句末词具有触发暗含意义的功能。它只能用于建议句中，与副词“先”搭配，动量词“下”或语气词“哒”必须交替出现在“着”字句中。通过横纵向对比，指出常德方言tso与北方方言zhe＂着”和隆回方言中的tşe^(55)＂着”既有不同点，也存在相似处。研究表明：zhe与tso存在明显的区别，前者为体标记，而后者为句末语气词。但在“V+着”祈使句中，zhe同样能触发引申意义；tso与tşe^(55)两者同为句末语气词，都能触发产生接下来事件的引申涵义。但前者的自由度比后者要低，tso只能用在祈使句句末。

並列關鍵字

着 ； 常德方言 ； 句末词 ； 句法