政治哲學中的情感：瑪莎•納思邦論情感與正義之關係

The Emotions in Political Theory: Martha C. Nussbaum on Emotions and Justice

錢宜群(Yi-Chun Chien)

指導教授 ： 江宜樺

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/政治學研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2009.01201

摘要

本論文企圖探究情感如何影響人類的理性思考、價值判斷以及政治生活。藉由分析當代重要的美國哲學家瑪莎•納思邦的情感理論以及能力途徑正義理論，本論文企圖呈現，在納思邦的理論中，情感不僅可以成為公民追求正義的動機，一個正義的社會，更必須要能夠保障，並且促進公民和諧且健全的情感生活。納思邦強調，一個貼近人類真實生活經驗的政治理論，必須要將人類的情感以及身體經驗，納入人的基本預設當中，使其能夠適當地回應人類因為情感連結所產生的脆弱與需要，並且能夠敏於體察社會當中，各種情感背後所反應的價值判斷。最後，一個真正尊重平等人性的自由主義社會，更必須藉由適當設計的公共教育，培養公民具有道德情感的能力。本論文企圖藉由納思邦的理論指出，唯有正視人類的情感面向、不再逃避人類脆弱與需要的天性，自由主義的政治理論才可能真實貼近人類的生活經驗，具體有效地處理人類在現實生活中面臨的各種議題。

關鍵字

情感 ； 納思邦 ； 能力途徑 ； 同情心 ； 正義

並列摘要

The central purpose of this thesis is to address the relationship between human emotions and social justice. Martha C. Nussbaum, one of the most influential contemporary American philosophers, has written separately about emotions and justice. However, she has not dealt explicitly with the relationship between her theory of emotions and her theory of justice which is based on the capabilities approach. This thesis aims at illustrate and assess a nuanced connection between Nussbaum’s two theories. I shall argue that to Nussbaum emotions play three crucial roles within her capabilities approach. First, a picture of the fully human self should be embodied and affective, that is, capable of emotions in ways centrally related to the human capacities for reason and autonomy. Secondly, rational emotions, such as compassion and justified anger, can motive people to achieve moral actions and strengthen people’s will in the pursuit of justice. Thirdly, a just society ought to cultivate people’s ability to make reasonable emotion judgments and ensure the emotional health of its citizens. This thesis concludes with three criticisms of Nussbaum’s theory: her neglect of feelings in her cognitive theory of emotions; the insensitivity to cultural differences of her list of central human capabilities; and her inability to overcome the nature of particularity of human emotions.

並列關鍵字

Emotions ； Martha Nussbaum ； Capabilities approach ； Compassion ； Justice.

參考文獻

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