孫康宜中國文學研究中的「女性」與「中國」

Kang-i Sun Chang and Her Scholarship on “Woman” and “China”

黃星樺(Hsing-hua Huang)

指導教授 ： 石之瑜

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/政治學研究所/碩士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201603406

摘要

本論文由三個層面切入孫康宜中國文學研究的位置性。
第一，考察孫康宜對周蕾後殖民�女性主義批評的反駁。孫認為中國�女性文學被西方漢學界忽視，不是由於東方主義或父權宰制，而是出於經典化的延遲。因此，中國文學研究的任務乃是為中國文學「補白」。為補經典之白，孫也以「窮而後工」的觀點看待文學作者的生命困境，而不是指其困境出於霸權。
第二，以顏元叔、葉嘉瑩和高友工為參考座標，指出顏元叔和葉嘉瑩對中國文學研究的知識定位，存在著現代�普世性與傳統�特殊性的拉鋸；但孫康宜推展了高友工「修正與補充」的立場，認為中國文學研究的知識主體性在於發掘其特殊性，並藉此延展文學的普世性，從而參與世界。
第三，考察孫康宜對傅柯權力觀的挪用，指出孫較強調權力的流動性，而較忽略其宰制或監控的一面。孫也藉對傅柯的詮釋，將中國婦女文學研究的焦點由權力分析，轉向美學探討。
由以上可知，孫康宜研究中的「中國」和「女性」有著平行關係。無論看待西方漢學或性別研究，孫康宜皆強調西方�中國和男性�女性之間的「互補」，而非「差異」。這個平行關係，也和其散文作品、政治�社會評論有所呼應。並且，上述「平行」和「呼應」的關係，可以相互闡明。

關鍵字

孫康宜 ； 位置性 ； 知識位置 ； 中國文學 ； 婦女文學 ； 漢學研究 ； 性別研究

並列摘要

This thesis examined the positionality of Kang-i Sun Chang’s Chinese literature study through three aspects.
Firstly, I examined Chang’s disagreement on Rey Chow’s postcolonial/feminist criticism. Instead of recognizing West/China and man/woman relationship as Orientalist or patriarchal, Chang thinks the ignorance of Chinese/women’s literature by Sinologists is due to the belatedness of canonization. Therefore, Chang sees her research as “com-plements” to the canonization. In order to rediscover formerly underestimated works, Chang tends to see writers’ suffering, not as oppression from above, but motivations from inside, which helped create canonical works.
Secondly, by juxtaposing Chang with Yuan-shu Yan, Chia-ying Chao-Yeh, and Yu-kung Kao, it shows an epistemic opposition between Yan and Chao-Yeh, and an alternative position suggested by Kao and developed by Chang. Yan had tried to mod-ernize Chinese literature studies by revealing the universality within Chinese literature, while Chao-Yeh tried to conserve Chinese tradition by reclaiming its specificity. Never-theless, Kao and Chang see the specificity of Chinese literature as a resource to enrich the universality of world literature.
Thirdly, I examined Chang’s appropriation of Michel Foucault. By appropriating Foucault, Chang emphasized the fluidity of power, while de-emphasized the surveil-lance and dominance. With her interpretation of Foucault, Chang pointed out that re-searchers should pay more attention to aesthetic issues in women’s writing, rather than criticizing the nonexistent male-dominance in Chinese literature.
Through these examinations, a parallel between “woman” and “China” is shown. Chang tends to emphasize the “complementarity” side both in the West/China and man/woman relationship, rather than the “difference” side. Also, this parallel is corre-spondent with her own literary works and social/political commentary. The parallel and the correspondence can be mutually explanatory when reading Kang-i Sun Chang.

並列關鍵字

Kang-i Sun Chang ； positionality ； epistemic position ； Chinese literature ； women’s literature ； Sinology ； gender studies

參考文獻

Chang, Kang-i Sun, and Stephen Owen, eds. 2010. The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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