以文蛤殼體重金屬指紋圖評估麥寮台塑六輕潛在環境影響

The assessment of impact of Mailiao Formosa Petrochemical Corporation Sixth Naphtha Cracking Industry to environment by analyzing the heavy metal fingerprints of hard clam shells

李澤凱(Ze-Kai Li)

指導教授 ： 韓玉山

國立臺灣大學/生命科學院/漁業科學研究所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202100173

摘要

本研究擬探討雲林麥寮台塑六輕的工業生產活動，是否會在鄰近縣市的文蛤外殼中累積重金屬指紋，並直接或間接影響文蛤養殖產量。前人研究提到：在雙殼綱動物的軟組織或外殼中，可以檢測到在水和沈積物中無法檢測到的水生污染物 (例如微量元素)，其濃度比周圍環境高數個量級。本研究假設雲林麥寮台塑六輕的潛在工業重金屬污染，會因距離的增加而減少，以不同距離區分為：(1) 麥寮、(2) 台西、(3) 彰化和 (4) 嘉義與台南共四組，並自2019年4月起，收集彰化、雲林、嘉義和台南的養殖文蛤，以及全省各地的野生文蛤，磨取外殼的內緣、中段與外端三處之粉末，以液態進樣-感應耦合電漿質譜儀 (Solution Based Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, SB-ICP-MS)，檢測鎂 (Mg)、鍶 (Sr)、鋰 (Li)、鎘 (Cd)、鋇 (Ba)、錳 (Mn)、鋁 (Al)、鈾 (U)、鈦 (Ti)、鉛 (Pb)、釹 (Nd)、硼 (B)、硫 (S)、鋅 (Zn)、鐵 (Fe)、磷 (P)、鈉 (Na)、鉀 (K)、銅 (Cu) 和鎳 (Ni) 共20種元素，和雷射剝蝕-感應耦合電漿質譜儀 (Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, LA-ICP-MS)，檢測上述20種元素和砷 (As) 共21種。
液態進樣-感應耦合電漿質譜儀分析結果顯示，麥寮地區與其他地區組別之微量元素濃度，大體上並無顯著差異。微量元素濃度與雲林麥寮台塑六輕的距離迴歸分析，也僅有10種元素的直線方程式斜率為負值，且數據分布鬆散，僅呈現低度負相關。微量元素濃度的主成分分析結果，沒有發現明顯的分群現象。雷射剝蝕-感應耦合電漿質譜儀分析結果，沒有發現麥寮的樣本出現較高的微量元素濃度，也沒有在樣本靠近外端處發現數值突然升起的波峰。
綜合本研究的分析結果推測，雲林麥寮台塑六輕的潛在微量元素汙染，不符合本研究的同心圓汙染遞減假說，至於雲林麥寮台塑六輕對於鄰近縣市之汙染情形，無法由本研究分析的文蛤殼21種微量元素指紋圖的結果來判斷。

關鍵字

文蛤 ； 殼 ； 重金屬指紋圖 ； 液態進樣-感應耦合電漿質譜儀分析 (SB-ICP-MS) ； 雷射剝蝕-感應耦合電漿質譜儀分析 (LA-ICP-MS)

並列摘要

This study aims to investigate whether the industrial activities of Formosa Petrochemical Corporation’s Sixth Naphtha Cracking Project in Mailiao, Yunlin City, would accumulate heavy metal fingerprints in the shells of hard clam, and directly or indirectly have impact on the production of cultured clams. In previous study, it was mentioned that in bivalves, some water impurities (such as trace elements), which can’t be detected in water or sediment, can be found in the soft tissues or shells, and their concentration is several orders of magnitude higher than that in the surrounding environment. This study assumes that the trend of potential pollution of heavy metal of the Formosa Petrochemical Corporation’s Sixth Naphtha Cracking Project will be reduced due to the increase of the distance with Mailiao, Yunlin. We divide the neighboring counties into four groups: (1) Mailiao, (2) Taixi, (3) Changhua, and (4) Chiayi and Tainan by the difference of distance from the Formosa Petrochemical Corporation’s Sixth Naphtha Cracking Project. The cultured clam (Meretrix meretrix) from above area and the wild type clam from some counties of Taiwan were collected since April, 2019. After collecting the inner, middle and outer shells of the calm were grinded to get the powders, then Solution Based Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (SB-ICP-MS) was used to detect magnesium (Mg), strontium (Sr), lithium (Li), cadmium (Cd), barium (Ba), manganese (Mn), aluminum (Al), uranium (U), titanium (Ti), lead (Pb), neodymium (Nd), boron (B), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni), a total of 20 elements. The Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was also used to detect above 20 trace elements and arsenic (As), a total of 21 elements.
The results from ICP-MS indicate that there were no significant differences in trace elements concentration between the Mailiao region and other regions. Also, the regression analysis of distance and concentration shows that there are only 10 elements with the negative slopes of linear equations, and the data distribution is loose, showing only low negative correlation. In addition, there is no obvious phenomenon of clustering found in the principal component analysis results of SB-ICP-MS. On the other hand, the results from LA-ICP-MS show that no high trace element concentration was found in the samples from Mailiao, nor was there a sudden rise of the concentration in the outermost edge sample.
Based on the results of this study, the potential pollution of heavy metal of the Formosa Petrochemical Corporation’s Sixth Naphtha Cracking Project does not meet the hypothesis of this study. As for the pollution of the Formosa Petrochemical Corporation’s Sixth Naphtha Cracking Project impacts on neighboring counties, it is hard to judge by the heavy metal fingerprints of 21 trace elements analyzed in hard clam shells in this study.

並列關鍵字

Hard clam ； Shells ； Heavy metal fingerprints ； Solution Based Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry ； Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

參考文獻

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