全球航空聯盟網絡分析

Characterizing major airline alliances: a network analysis

詹竣翔(Chun-Hsiang Chan)

指導教授 ： 朱子豪

國立臺灣大學/理學院/地理環境資源學研究所/博士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202101736

摘要

自從1979年的美國以及1990年代的歐盟成員國家通過開放天空政策之後，造成航空產業的市場競爭以及經營模式有顯著性的變遷。許多航空公司加入航空聯盟以增加市場的競爭性，因此航空聯盟是由許多成員航空公司所組成，有共同的市場目標。機場的連結性在航空市場中扮演一個重要的角色，代表不同的航線可以連結不同地區市場。過去的機場網路文獻很少探討航空聯盟內部航空公司的合作關係以及航空聯盟之間成員航空公司競爭關係。因此本研究利用網絡分析來了解三大航空聯盟的航空聯盟機場網路的市場特徵，包括: 星空聯盟、天合聯盟以及寰宇一家。機場網絡群可利用其航點的空間分布定義出國內型與國際型機場網路群；同時國際型機場網路群可以用來評估航空聯盟內成員航空公司的合作程度。航空聯盟間的獨佔與競爭航線，可利用機場網絡群結構與航線分布計算出來。研究結果顯示星空聯盟的成員航空公司擁有最高的內部合作能力，並且在中美洲擁有一個國際型機場網路群。同時每一個航空聯盟都有各自獨佔航線，國際競爭航線主要分布在東亞、西亞、歐洲與北美洲；國內競爭航線則分布在美國、歐洲與東亞。研究發現可以應用於航空公司與航空聯盟，在建立新航線與選擇新成員航空公司時作為參考使用，以了解新航線與新成員航空公司對於整體航空聯盟機場網路的市場影響。

關鍵字

航空聯盟機場網路 ； 機場網絡群 ； 市場特徵

並列摘要

An airline alliance is a group that contains several member airlines to achieve or share the same goals. Moreover, the airline alliance airport network (AAAN) is an airport network connecting member airline flights. The connectivity of an airport in the aviation market plays an essential role in linking one airport to another into a market. Few airport network studies investigated interactions within and between airline alliances, including collaborative relationships within an airline alliance and competitive relationships among airline alliances. Therefore, we focused on three large airline alliances, including Oneworld, Star Alliance, and SkyTeam, to formulate AAANs. The objectives of the study are to conduct a network analysis approach to identifying the patterns of market regions (also called airport community) in an AAAN to differentiate international and domestic types. We also characterize the relationships, including collaboration, competition, and dominance within and among airline alliances. Our results indicate that Star Alliance has the highest collaborative between member airlines. Only the alliance has an international airport community in Central America. Each airline alliance has its dominant market regions, different from the other two airline alliances globally. Most of the international routes in East Asia, West Asia, Europe, and North America are highly competitive. The domestic routes concentrate in the United States, Europe, and East Asia. Our results could be beneficial for planning new routes for an airline and selecting a new partner airline for an alliance to extend their market share and service areas.

並列關鍵字

Airline alliance airport network ； Airport community ； Market characteristics

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