諮商師的悲傷剝奪經驗研究─以協助企圖自殺者為例

The Study of Counselors’ Disenfranchised Grief Experiences in counseling suicidal clients.

李琇婷(Hsiu-Ting Li)

指導教授 ： 呂旭亞

淡江大學/教育學院/教育心理與諮商研究所碩士班/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2009.00236

摘要

心理諮商師從事的是一個高度情緒負荷的工作，諮商師長曝露在個案的心理、社會與生理問題之下，如此長時間與一個生命擁有深而親密的連結與互動，其工作本身就極具壓力。尤以近年來自殺率不斷攀升，諮商師會接觸的自殺、或企圖自殺個案比例也隨之升高，不可避免地面對高度情緒壓力的工作內涵，而此篇論文關注的是諮商師在這樣的狀態下，他面對自殺（企圖）個案時會經歷悲傷剝奪的經驗、以及感受。
本研究旨在了解諮商師與自殺（企圖）個案工作時的悲傷剝奪經驗為何，以及在這個經驗中的感受與情緒面向，最後則透過諮商師在經驗過後的淬鍊而能提供心理工作者一自我照顧、療癒的提醒。
本研究的研究方法採質性研究中的詮釋現象學研究進行資料的收集及分析，以半結構的訪談大綱，深度訪談三位擁有與自殺企圖個案工作經驗的諮商師，同時輔以研究者的反思筆記以及逐字稿進行資料分析。
而本研究的結論為：一、悲傷剝奪的原因來自關係不被認可：由於社會對於諮商角色的期待剝奪了諮商師表達悲傷的權力，再加上諮商師專業教育上倫理法則、以及界線的維護壓制了自我，於是悲傷剝奪就發生了；二、悲傷剝奪的意義與內涵：剝奪不只是當下的悲傷反應，其中也包含了對反應的後設、以及經驗過後的重新整理都有可能被剝奪，而悲傷剝奪提醒了我們要去尊重每個不同的個體表達其情緒的自由及權力；三、擴大悲傷剝奪的涵蓋範圍：本研究企圖從醫護理論而來的悲傷剝奪概念解釋諮商師的經驗，並擴充悲傷剝奪而更全面的理解所有失落的反應，提醒心理專業人員重視此一經驗；四、悲傷剝奪經驗後的昇華：透過悲傷剝奪經驗而能讓諮商師更加重視自我照顧，透過督導以及個別諮商師的協助讓諮商師能繼續工作而不致匱乏，並進一步的提升自我概念而能對生命的本質有更多的理解，然後生出超越的力量。

關鍵字

諮商師 ； 悲傷剝奪 ； 自殺 ； 詮釋現象學

並列摘要

A counselor is a job with a high emotional loading. Counselors are exposed to psychological, social and physiological problems of cases and they have a deep and close relationship and interaction with a life for a long term; this job itself has a very high pressure. Particularly, the number of suicide is ever-increasing within recent years, therefore the amount of suicide, attempted suicide cases dealt with by them also increases and hence inevitably they will face a job with a high emotional pressure. This thesis focuses on the disenfranchised grief experience and feeling counselors have when facing cases of suicide and attempted suicide under this circumstance.
This study aims to understand counselors’ disenfranchised grief experience when they work with cases of suicide and attempted suicide and the dimensions of the feeling and emotion in this experience, and finally provide psychological workers with a reminder of self-care and cure through the refinement of counselors’ experiences.
This study uses hermeneutic phenomenology among qualitative research methods to collect and analyze data, and uses a semi-structural interview outline to do the in-depth interview with three counselors with working experiences of cases of suicide and attempted suicide, and conducts a data analysis assisted by the researcher’s self-reflection notes and scripts.
The conclusions are as follows: 1. the reason for disenfranchised grief is that they cannot be allowed to have grief: the society has a role expectation about counselors, and thus it deprives counselors’ right to express their grief, and the ethical rule and limit in their professional education oppress them, hence disenfranchised grief happens; 2. the meaning and content of disenfranchised grief: what is disenfranchised is not only the reaction of sadness at the moment, it also includes meta-reaction and the re-ordering after the experience. Disenfranchised grief reminds us to respect each individual’s freedom and right to express emotions; 3. expand the range of disenfranchised grief: this study tries to explain their experiences from the concept of disenfranchised grief in medical and nursing theory, expand the range of disenfranchised grief, comprehend all lost reactions comprehensively, and remind psychological professionals to value this experience; 4. the refinement after the experience of disenfranchised grief: counselors will value self-care more after the experience of disenfranchised grief, and the supervision, guidance and assistance for individual counselor allow them to keep on working with energy, advance their self-concept and understand more about the nature of life, and finally produce a power of transcendence.

並列關鍵字

Counselor ； Disenfranchised Grief ； Suicide ； Hermeneutic Phenomenology

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