乳化燃料對柴油發電機排放特徵及能源效率之影響

Effects of Emulsion Fuels on the Characterization of Energy Efficiency and Exhaust from a Diesel Engine Generator

許晉源(Jin-Yuan Syu)

指導教授 ： 林文印

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境工程與管理研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

水乳化柴油為一種可能的替代燃料。以油包水型乳化柴油作為石化柴油的替代燃料能減少引擎一氧化氮的排放，並降低對石化燃料的依賴。然而，目前較少關於小型高速柴油發電機使用油包水型乳化柴油，對引擎排放微粒數目濃度及能源效率之研究。
本研究以40-kHz超音波震盪器置備不同水/界面活性劑比例之油包水型乳化柴油（W5S5、W5S10、W10S5、W10S10、W10S15、W15S5、W15S10），並以小型高速柴油發電機、電子低壓衝擊器、引擎廢氣分析儀、負載裝置、油耗量測裝置等，建立排放採樣系統，以超級柴油與水乳化柴油為燃料進行實驗，藉以瞭解水乳化柴油在不同發電機負載下，對柴油發電機尾氣排放特徵及能源效率之影響。
研究結果顯示引擎排氣溫度隨者發電機負載增加而增加，同時隨者水含量增加而降低。當發電機負載高於3600W，本研究所製備之水乳化柴油均能降低微粒數目濃度之排放，最多能降低約88%之微粒數目濃度排放，其數目平均粒徑反而增加，此時超級柴油微粒數目濃度約為1.42×108#/cm3，數目平均粒徑約為70奈米，NO排放濃度約為1530 ppm，而使用水乳化柴油（W15S10）微粒數目濃度為1.63×107#/cm3，數目平均粒徑則增加為85奈米，NO排放濃度減少至870 ppm。當負載為3600W時使用乳化燃料能減少NO排放濃度，但因為溫度降低導致燃燒不完全，使CO及HC排放濃度增加。混和燃料油耗隨者水含量增加而增加，但若只討論柴油之淨油耗，可以發現部分柴油油耗降低，相對使用各種水乳化柴油平均提升引擎燃燒熱效率約12-34%。

關鍵字

柴油發電機 ； 水乳化柴油 ； 一氧化氮 ； 能源效率

並列摘要

Emulsion fuel is a possible alternative fuel for reduction of diesel engine emissions. Using water/diesel emulsion fuel as a fuel can reduce the emissions of nitric oxide and particulate matters of the exhaust. However, few researches have been carried out on the particle number concentration and energy efficiency from high speed light-duty diesel engine generator fueled with water/diesel emulsion fuel.
In this study, an ultrasonic vibrator that provides ultrasonic waves of a 40-kHz frequency was employed to prepare different water/diesel emulsion fuels (W5S5; W5S10; W10S5; W10S10; W10S15; W15S5; W15S10). In this thesis, the measurement system consisted of a high speed light-duty diesel engine generator, Electrical Low-Pressure Impactor (ELPI), Vehicle Emission Gas Analyzer (BE-1000), Loading, and Fuel Consumption Measuring Device. Super diesel and different W/O emulsion diesel fuels were used to study the effects of different loadings on the characterization of exhaust from a diesel engine generator.
The results showed that the exhaust gas temperature was increased as generator loading was increased. However, it was decreased as the water content of emulsion diesel fuel was increased. When the loading was less than 2700 watts, the number concentration might increase and the count mean diameter was decreased as loading was increased. However, as loading was above 3600 watts, the number concentration was decreased and the count mean diameter was increased. The total number concentration was 1.42×108#/cm3 and count mean diameter was 70 nm by using super diesel. However, the total number concentration was decreased to 1.62×107#/cm3 and the count mean diameter was increased to 85 nm by using W15S5 emulsion fuel. Besides, the NO emission was decreased from 1530 ppm (Super diesel) to 870 ppm (W15S10 emulsion fuel). Furthermore, the particle count mean diameter was increased as water content was increased as loading was above 3600 watts. Flame temperature was reduced as increasing water content of W/O emulsion fuel. It could reduce NO emissions about 15 to 40 % when the loading was 3600 watts. Nevertheless, as the percentage of water in the emulsion was increased the amount of emitted CO and HC was increased. Furthermore, mixing-fuel consumption was increased. However, the net diesel fuel consumption was decreased. As a result, using W/O emulsion fuel can increase the engine thermal efficiency by 12 to 34 %.

並列關鍵字

Diesel engine generator ； Water/Diesel Emulsion fuel ； Nitric oxide ； Energy efficiency

參考文獻

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