砂石場廢水及污泥處理之研究

A Study in Wastewater and Sludge Treatment of Sand and Gravel Disposal Plants

吳興中(Hsing-Chung Wu)

指導教授 ： 張添晉

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境工程與管理研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

砂石為營建工程產業之基礎材料，亦深深影響經濟發展，國內每年砂石需求量達6,786萬立方公尺，故砂石場之廢水量及其污泥產量相當驚人，依本研究之實驗推估1立方公尺之砂石產量將產出約2.25立方公尺之廢水量，廢水中懸浮固體物濃度平均值為13,915mg/l，換算每立方公尺廢水約有14kg污泥量，規劃設計可行及有效能之處理流程設備，以解決砂石廠廢水污泥問題。
本研究採用實場案例設計及操作採樣，分析處理流程設備之處理效能，利用混凝沉澱池及污泥壓濾為主要處理程序，原水中SS去除率可達99.7%，COD去除率亦可達91%，回收水質不僅符合放流水標準，亦因水質良好可達到全回收零排放之目標；此外經污泥壓濾機脫水後之污泥含水率為30%~40%間，不僅符合法規處理要求，亦降低污泥最終處置成本。
運轉期間仍有部份設計施工缺失，如污泥壓濾機脫水後污泥餅無法迅速剝離下料、因砂石雜物尖銳致氣動泵浦隔膜常破損等問題，亦於此研究中提出改善方案，期使使處理設施之操作維護更家簡易可靠。
營建廢棄混凝土塊應屬可再利用資源，本研究砂石場以其為主要原料，經篩選、破碎、分離出再生骨材，供作道路AC用料、回填級配料及低強度要求之混凝土骨材，低強度要求混凝土一般可用於CLSM回填材、管溝混凝土等，回收混凝土塊再利用不僅避免資源浪費更可避免違法棄置汙染環境；此外每年更可提供逾三成之國內砂石需求量。

關鍵字

砂石場 ； 混凝沉澱池 ； 壓濾機 ； 再生骨材

並列摘要

Sand and gravel are basic materials of construction industry that also influence economic development in each nation. In Taiwan, the demand of these two materials is about 6.786 billion m3 in every year; such demand causes incredible quantity of waste and slurry water. This study derives several results: 1 m3 of sand and gravel will produce 2.25 m3 of waste water volume. The density of suspended solid particle in that wastewater is between 23,000mg/l and 32,000mg/l, so each cubic meter of waste water volume will create about 14 kg of slurry mud. Based on these illustrated data, an appropriate and effective process is supplied from this research, which can be applied to solve the problem of slurry mud at the sand and gravel factories.
This study uses practice case design and field sampling, analyzes treatment result of processing equipment, uses coagulation and sedimentation tank as the primary process; from that the removal rate of SS in the raw water can increase to 99.7%, COD removal rate also can increase to 91%, the reused water not only fits the effluent standards, but also can fully recovery due to well properties of reused water so called zero emission; meanwhile the moisture content of sludge dewatering after the filtering process is between 50% and 60%, that not only follows the regulations, but also reduces the treatment cost of final disposal sludge.
During the studying process, there are several defects can be found between design and construction phases. For example, the dirt filter cake is unable to strip quickly after sludge filter dehydration; and the incisive gravel breaks the septum of air operated pump randomly. This study also proposes improvement suggestions to solve those problems. The purpose of this study is expecting the operation and maintenance processes of facility can simpler and reliable.
The concrete block of construction waste should be one of reusable resources. This study focuses on sand and gravel factories, after screening, broken, isolated from reusable aggregate, applying to AC pavement as the reuse material, backfilling as concrete aggregate with low-strength embankment material or CLSM, wave block, concrete trench pipe, and etc.. Recycling of concrete block not only can avoid to waste material resources but also can prevent illegal disposal to pollute the environment. If such application can be reached, the reused quantity can provide more than 30 percent of domestic demand with sand and gravel in every year.

並列關鍵字

Sand and Gravel Disposal Plants ； Coagulation and Sedimentation Tank ； Filter Press ； Reusable aggregate

參考文獻

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