寺廟與地方社會之研究：以中壢市仁海宮為例（1945-2013）

Study on Temple and the Local Society—Take Ren Hai Temple in Chungli city as an Example（1945-2013）

吳藍功(Lan-Gong Wu)

指導教授 ： 劉阿榮

元智大學/人文社會學院/社會暨政策科學學系/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6838/YZU.2013.00091

摘要

本文是探究寺廟與地方社會之關係，並以中壢仁海宮為研究對象。仁海宮位於中壢市的市中心，也是當地最重要的民間信仰中心。道光6年（1826）時由客家人所建，原本主祀觀世音菩薩，後來改祀天上聖母。仁海宮的祭祀圈俗稱「中壢十三庄」，包含廣興庄、高山頂庄、三座屋庄、芝芭里庄、青埔庄、內壢庄、水尾庄、埔頂庄、後寮庄、石頭庄、興南庄、北勢庄以及安平鎮庄。橫跨桃園縣中壢市、平鎮市與楊梅市三個區域。
寺廟與地方社會發展是息息相關，寺廟不只作為地方的信仰中心，也是政治、經濟、社會、文化發展的中心。以仁海宮與中壢地方發展而言，兩者也有密不可分的關係。就以仁海宮主神轉換成媽祖，就有消弭閩粵族群對立的用意，大家都因為信仰媽祖融合在一起。另外，仁海宮也常與地方菁英相結合，建立其政治經濟文化權力網路。
仁海宮為人潮聚集之處，附近自然形成商圈，如早期的新街打鐵街，近代的SOGO商圈等，活絡地方的經濟。宗教與社會的發展彼此經常相互影響。此外，仁海宮是中壢市最早成立的宗教財團法人，積極投入慈善公益活動，展現其社會服務的本質。仁海宮為歷史悠久的百年大廟，有豐富的歷史文化與建築藝術，值得深入研究。

關鍵字

寺廟 ； 地方社會 ； 仁海宮 ； 祭祀圈

並列摘要

This text inquire into the relations of the temple and the local society and use Ren Hai Temple of Chungli as the object of the study. The Ren Hai Temple, located in the center of Chungli, has became an important religious center for local residents. It was built in the sixth year of Emperor Daoguang (AD 1826) by the Hakka. The Guanyin Bodhisattva was originally enshrined, and then enshrined Ma Zu ( the Heavenly Holly Mother). The Ren Hai Temple's territorial cult was named “the Chungli thirteen villages”, contained Guang Sing village, Gao Shan Ding village, San Zuo Wu village, Jhih Ba Li village, Cing Pu village, Nei Li village, Shuei Wei village, Pu Ding village, Hou Liao village, Shi Tou village, Sing Nan village, Bei Shih village as well as An Ping Jhen village. The area covers the Chungli city, the Pingjhen city, and the Yangmei City of Taoyuan County.
The temple and the local social development are closely linked. The temple not only is the center of the belief, also the political ,economic, social, and the cultural development center. The Ren Hai Temple and the Chungli city development have an inseparable relationship. By converting Ren Hai Temple’s goddess from Guanyin to Ma Zu, it diminished tribal tension between the Fujian and Guangdong tribes. Worshiping Ma Zu brought them into harmony. Furthermore, The Ren Hai Temple establishes its political, economic and culture authority network by unifying local elites.
The Ren Hai Temple is the place for people gathering, the neighborhoods naturally become business district. Da Te Street (Blacksmith Street) of early period and SOGO business area of modern times, for example, boost local economy. Religion and society's development often affect each other. In addition, The Ren Hai Temple is the first established religious foundation as a juristic person in Chungli , The temple actively participates in charities and displays its essence for social service .The Ren Hai Temple, a temple with rich historical cultures and architectural art, is worth studying.

並列關鍵字

temple ； the local society ； Ren Hai Temple ； territorial cult

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